企业ESG表现对税收遵从度的影响研究——以中国资本市场为例

Research on the Impact of Corporate ESG Performance on Tax Compliance—A Case Study of China’s Capital Market

摘要: 为探究企业ESG表现对税收遵从度的影响，本文以2014~2024年中国资本市场A股上市公司为研究样本，采用名义所得税率与实际所得税率之差(rate_diff)衡量税收遵从度，以华证ESG评级得分作为企业ESG表现的代理变量，选取公司规模、财务杠杆等为控制变量，结合双向固定效应模型展开实证分析。研究发现：企业ESG表现与税收遵从度显著正相关，即ESG表现越好，企业税收遵从度越高；ESG三大维度中，社会维度(S)和治理维度(G)对税收遵从度具有显著正向影响，环境维度(E)对税收遵从度的影响不显著。异质性检验显示，上述提升效应在国有企业、两职合一企业、非四大审计企业及低分析师关注度企业中更显著；滞后解释变量回归、控制个体与年份固定效应等稳健性检验进一步验证了结论的可靠性。本文丰富了ESG表现与税收遵从领域的研究成果，为企业优化ESG管理、税务机关强化税收征管提供了经验参考。

Abstract: To explore the impact of corporate ESG performance on tax compliance, this paper takes A-share listed companies in China’s capital market from 2014 to 2024 as the research sample, uses the difference between the nominal income tax rate and the effective income tax rate (rate_diff) to measure tax compliance, and adopts the Huazheng ESG rating score as the proxy variable for corporate ESG performance. Selecting firm size, financial leverage and other factors as control variables, an empirical analysis is conducted based on the two-way fixed effect model. The results show that corporate ESG performance is significantly and positively correlated with tax compliance, meaning the better the ESG performance, the higher the corporate tax compliance. Among the three dimensions of ESG, the social (S) and governance (G) dimensions have a significant positive impact on tax compliance, while the environmental (E) dimension has an insignificant impact on tax compliance. Heterogeneity tests reveal that the above promotion effect is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises, enterprises with the duality of chairman and general manager, enterprises audited by non-Big Four accounting firms, and enterprises with low analyst attention. Robustness tests including the regression of lagged explanatory variables and the control of firm and year fixed effects further verify the reliability of the conclusions. This paper enriches the research findings in the field of ESG performance and tax compliance, and provides empirical references for enterprises to optimize ESG management and tax authorities to strengthen tax collection and administration.