辽丰州白塔所见金元时期呼和浩特地区多元文化交融简析

A Brief Analysis of the Multi-Cultural Integration in Hohhot Area during the Jin and Yuan Dynasties Based on the Liao Fengzhou White Pagoda

摘要: 位于今内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市东郊的万部华严经塔，俗称“白塔”，蒙古语称为“查干索布尔嘎”，是辽金元时期草原丝绸之路东段的重要物质文化遗产。白塔不仅是丰州故城的标志性宗教建筑，更是研究辽金元时期中国北方地区多元文化交往交流交融的立体档案库。本文以建筑本体、碑刻铭文、墨书题记及出土文物为核心证据，结合历史文献与区域考古成果，系统考察了辽金元时期丰州地区在人口构成、经济形态、语言文字、建筑艺术等方面所呈现的多元文化共生交融图景。白塔及其所依托的丰州城，生动体现了农耕文明与游牧文明在“农牧交错带”的深度互动，以及草原丝绸之路作为文化通道在促进欧亚大陆东部文明交流中的关键作用，深刻揭示了中华民族多元一体格局在历史时期于边疆地域形成的动态过程与内在机理，为理解中华民族共同体的历史建构提供了具象化的实证。

Abstract: The Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda, commonly known as the White Pagoda and called Qagan Suburga in Mongolian, is located in the eastern suburbs of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is an important tangible cultural heritage along the eastern section of the Steppe Silk Road during the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties. As the landmark religious building of the ancient city of Fengzhou, the White Pagoda serves as a three-dimensional archive for studying the interaction, exchange and integration of diverse cultures in northern China during the Liao, Jin and Yuan periods. Based on the architectural structure, stone inscriptions, ink-written notes and unearthed cultural relics, combined with historical documents and regional archaeological findings, this paper systematically examines the multi-cultural symbiosis and integration in Fengzhou in terms of population composition, economic pattern, languages and scripts, and architectural art. The White Pagoda and the city of Fengzhou vividly demonstrate the in-depth interaction between agricultural and nomadic civilizations in the agro-pastoral ecotone, and highlight the key role of the Steppe Silk Road as a cultural corridor in promoting civilizational exchanges in the eastern Eurasian continent. It profoundly reveals the dynamic process and internal mechanism of the formation of the pluralistic-unified pattern of the Chinese nation in border areas in history, providing concrete evidence for understanding the historical construction of the Chinese national community.