围手术期肌肉营养评估在老年髋膝关节置换术后认知功能障碍中的研究进展
Research Progress on Perioperative Muscle Nutrition Assessment in Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
摘要: 术后认知功能障碍(Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction, POCD)是老年髋膝关节置换术(Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, HKA)患者围手术期高发并发症，影响预后与生活质量。肌肉营养状况作为可干预危险因素，与POCD关联已成为研究热点，超声技术凭借无创、精准、便捷优势，在肌肉营养评估中凸显价值。综述老年HKA术后POCD的流行病学特征与危险因素，分析肌肉营养不足与POCD的关联机制，对比超声与传统肌肉营养评估方法的优劣，总结超声肌肉指标在POCD预测中的应用进展，探讨基于肌肉营养评估的围手术期干预策略，展望未来研究方向，为老年HKA患者围手术期认知功能保护的精准化管理提供参考。
Abstract: Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) is a common perioperative complication in elderly patients undergoing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (HKA), affecting prognosis and quality of life. As a modifiable risk factor, muscle nutritional status has become a research hotspot in its association with POCD. Ultrasound technology, with its non-invasive, precise, and convenient advantages, has demonstrated significant value in muscle nutrition assessment. This review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of POCD after HKA in elderly patients, analyzes the mechanism linking muscle malnutrition and POCD, compares the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound and traditional muscle nutrition assessment methods, summarizes the application progress of ultrasound muscle indicators in POCD prediction, explores perioperative intervention strategies based on muscle nutrition assessment, and discusses future research directions. The aim is to provide references for precision management of perioperative cognitive function protection in elderly HKA patients.
文章引用：邹卓江, 曹俊. 围手术期肌肉营养评估在老年髋膝关节置换术后认知功能障碍中的研究进展[J]. 外科, 2026, 15(2): 39-49. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjs.2026.152006

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