声动其心：音乐视角下脑神经环路研究综述

How Music Shapes the Mind: A Review of Neural Circuits in Music Cognition

摘要: 本文综述了音乐加工的脑神经环路机制，围绕音乐感知、情绪诱发与神经可塑性三个核心维度整合了认知神经科学领域的实证研究。在研究问题上，本文旨在探讨音乐情感感染力的神经生物学基础，并探讨音乐训练所引发的大脑结构与功能适应性变化及其临床转化潜力。在研究方法上，本文采用文献综述法，系统梳理并整合了功能磁共振成像(fMRI)、正电子发射断层扫描(PET)、脑电图(EEG)及功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)等多模态神经影像技术的实验证据。在研究意义上，本文为深入理解情绪与认知的神经机制提供了理论依据，并为节律听觉刺激疗法、旋律语调疗法等音乐干预手段在帕金森病、卒中失语及阿尔茨海默症等神经与精神疾病中的循证应用提供对潜在神经机制的探讨，同时指出跨文化研究与多模态整合分析是未来研究的重要方向。

Abstract: This article reviews the neural circuit mechanisms underlying music processing, integrating empirical studies from cognitive neuroscience around three core dimensions: music perception, emotion induction, and neural plasticity. Regarding the research questions, this article aims to explore the neurobiological basis of musical emotional contagion and to investigate the brain structural and functional adaptations induced by musical training, as well as their clinical translation potential. Regarding the methods, this article adopts a literature review approach, systematically organizing and integrating experimental evidence from multimodal neuroimaging techniques, including functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Regarding the significance, this article provides a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying emotion and cognition, and offers a discussion of the potential neural mechanisms underlying evidence-based applications of musical intervention approaches such as rhythmic auditory stimulation therapy and melodic intonation therapy in neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson’s disease, post-stroke aphasia, and Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, this article highlights cross-cultural research and multimodal integrative analysis as important directions for future investigation.