汉字饱和的研究及其影响因素

The Research on Chinese Orthographic Satiation and Its Influencing Factors

摘要: 汉字作为中华文明传承与信息交流的核心载体，其独特的构字体系(象形、指事、会意、形声等)与空间结构特征，使得汉字加工过程中的语义饱和效应呈现出区别于拼音文字的特殊调控规律。语义饱和效应，又称字形饱和或语义丧失，是指长时间聚焦、重复加工某一文字后，个体出现字形陌生化、语义提取阻滞、识别效率下降的认知现象，相关研究围绕其表现特征、影响因素、神经机制及研究范式等方面展开了大量探索，本文系统梳理现有研究成果，分析当前研究不足，并对未来研究方向进行展望。

Abstract: As the core carrier of Chinese civilization inheritance and information exchange, Chinese characters, with their unique character-formation systems (such as pictography, self-explanation, associative compound, and pictophonetic characters) and spatial structural features, exhibit distinct regulatory laws of the semantic satiation effect during processing compared to alphabetic writing. The semantic satiation effect, also known as orthographic satiation or semantic loss, refers to a cognitive phenomenon where individuals experience character form unfamiliarity, semantic access obstruction, and reduced recognition efficiency after prolonged focus and repeated processing of a specific character. Relevant studies have conducted extensive explorations around its manifestations, influencing factors, neural mechanisms, and research paradigms. This paper systematically summarizes existing research findings, analyzes current research deficiencies, and prospects future research directions.