我国高校空间分布特征及其对产业经济的影响研究

The Spatial Distribution Characteristics of China Higher Education Institutions and Its Impact on The Industrial Economy

摘要: 高等教育作为区域创新体系和产业结构升级的重要支撑，其空间配置格局对区域经济发展具有深刻影响。针对我国高校资源空间分布不均衡及其经济效应尚缺乏系统分析的问题，本文基于2021年全国高校空间点数据，综合运用核密度分析、重心–标准差椭圆和冷热点分析等空间统计方法，从分布格局、结构特征与空间态势三个层面刻画我国高校空间分布特征；在此基础上，结合Spearman相关分析与多元回归模型，探讨高校空间分布对产业经济结构的影响机制。研究结果表明：我国高校空间分布呈现显著的“东多西少、沿海集聚”的非均衡格局，以胡焕庸线为界差异明显，长江中下游及主要城市群为核心集聚区，整体表现为东北–西南向带状分布；高校资源高度集中于省会城市及区域中心城市，不同类型高校在空间集聚强度与覆盖范围上存在差异。进一步分析发现，高校空间分布与产业结构之间具有显著的结构适配关系：高校密度与第一产业占比显著负相关，与第三产业发展水平呈正相关，其中本科高校与成人高校在促进服务业就业结构优化方面作用更为突出。总体而言，高校资源集聚通过人力资本积累与知识溢出效应，对区域产业结构升级产生重要支撑作用。研究结果可为优化高等教育空间布局与促进区域协调发展提供决策参考。

Abstract: Higher education, as an important support for regional innovation systems and industrial structure upgrading, has a profound impact on regional economic development through its spatial allocation pattern. To address the problem of the uneven spatial distribution of higher education resources in China and the lack of systematic analysis of their economic effects, this study is based on the spatial point data of higher education institutions in China in 2021. By comprehensively applying spatial statistical methods, including kernel density analysis, mean center-standard deviational ellipse, and hot spot analysis, the spatial distribution characteristics of higher education institutions in China are examined from three aspects: distribution pattern, structural characteristics, and spatial dynamics. On this basis, combined with Spearman correlation analysis and multiple regression models, this study further explores the influence mechanism of the spatial distribution of higher education institutions on industrial economic structure. The results show that the spatial distribution of higher education institutions in China presents a significant unbalanced pattern characterized by “more in the east and less in the west” and “coastal agglomeration”, with a clear contrast on the two sides of the Hu Huanyong Line. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and major urban agglomerations constitute the core concentration areas, and the overall pattern shows a northeast–southwest belt-like distribution. Higher education resources are highly concentrated in provincial capitals and regional central cities, and different types of institutions differ in terms of agglomeration intensity and spatial coverage. Further analysis shows that there is a significant structural adaptation relationship between the spatial distribution of higher education institutions and industrial structure: the density of higher education institutions is significantly negatively correlated with the proportion of the primary industry, but positively correlated with the development level of the tertiary industry. Among them, undergraduate institutions and adult higher education institutions play a more prominent role in promoting the optimization of employment structure in the service sector. Overall, the agglomeration of higher education resources provides important support for regional industrial structure upgrading through the accumulation of human capital and the spillover of knowledge. The findings of this study can provide a reference for optimizing the spatial layout of higher education and promoting coordinated regional development.