近四百年阿鲁科尔沁旗乡村聚落时空演变研究

Spatiotemporal Evolution of Rural Settlements in Ar Horqin Banner over the Past Four Hundred Years

摘要: 为探讨农牧交错带地区乡村聚落的时空演变特征，本文以内蒙古东部阿鲁科尔沁旗为研究区，在整理历史文献与地名信息数据的基础上构建乡村聚落空间数据库，并利用GIS空间分析方法，包括核密度估计、平均最近邻分析、平均中心和标准差椭圆分析，对1644~2025年近四百年来乡村聚落数量变化及空间格局演变进行分析。研究结果表明，研究区乡村聚落数量总体呈持续增长趋势，但不同历史阶段增长幅度存在明显差异，聚落发展经历了由缓慢增长到快速扩张再到逐渐稳定的阶段性变化过程。乡村聚落空间分布始终表现出明显的集聚特征，高密度聚落区主要集中在研究区中南部地区。聚落空间重心在研究期内主要在中南部范围内发生阶段性迁移，空间扩展方向整体呈现西北–东南延伸格局。总体来看，阿鲁科尔沁旗乡村聚落空间格局在长期历史发展过程中逐渐形成以中南部地区为主要集聚区、空间扩展方向相对稳定的分布特征。研究结果有助于深化对农牧交错带地区乡村聚落演变规律的认识，并为区域乡村发展与聚落空间格局优化提供参考。

Abstract: To explore the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of rural settlements in agro-pastoral transitional zones, this study takes Ar Horqin Banner in eastern Inner Mongolia as the study area. Based on historical documents and place-name information data, a spatial database of rural settlements was established. GIS spatial analysis methods, including kernel density estimation, average nearest neighbor analysis, mean center analysis, and standard deviational ellipse analysis, were applied to examine changes in the number of rural settlements and the evolution of spatial patterns from 1644 to 2025. The results show that the number of rural settlements in the study area generally exhibits a continuous increasing trend, although the growth rate varies across different historical stages. The development of settlements experienced a phased process from slow growth to rapid expansion and then to gradual stabilization. The spatial distribution of rural settlements consistently shows a clustered pattern, with high-density settlement areas mainly concentrated in the central and southern parts of the study area. The spatial center of rural settlements shifted gradually within the central and southern areas during the study period, while the overall spatial expansion direction shows a northwest-southeast orientation. Overall, the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Ar Horqin Banner gradually evolved into a clustered structure mainly concentrated in the central and southern regions, with a relatively stable spatial expansion direction. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of rural settlements in agro-pastoral transitional zones and provide a reference for regional rural development and the optimization of settlement spatial patterns.