自动驾驶汽车交通事故侵权责任主体认定

Identification of Tort Liability Subject in Traffic Accidents Involving Autonomous Vehicles

摘要: 自动驾驶汽车相较于传统机动车而言，更具有复杂性和发展性。在交通事故侵权责任主体的认定问题上，传统机动车事故责任判定逻辑通常以驾驶员有无过失行为为核心考量点，而自动驾驶汽车的行驶在一定程度上要依赖于车辆系统，这种“人机混合驾驶”模式使得传统责任理论在应对自动驾驶汽车引发的交通事故侵权责任纠纷时难以直接适用。文章认为，自动驾驶汽车不具备法律主体资格，应将交通事故侵权责任主体分为生产者方和使用者方，在此基础上，结合现行法律规则，对自动驾驶汽车不同运行阶段交通事故侵权责任主体进行认定，旨在最大程度地保护被侵权人的利益，以确保其得到充分救济。

Abstract: Compared with traditional motor vehicles, autonomous vehicles are more complex and developmental. In the identification of tort liability subjects in traffic accidents, the traditional logic of determining liability for motor vehicle accidents usually takes the driver’s fault as the core consideration. However, the operation of autonomous vehicles relies on the vehicle system to a certain extent. Such a “human-machine mixed driving” mode makes it difficult to directly apply traditional liability theories to tort liability disputes arising from traffic accidents involving autonomous vehicles. This paper holds that autonomous vehicles do not have the qualification of legal subjects, and the tort liability subjects in traffic accidents should be divided into producers and users. On this basis, combined with the current legal rules, this paper identifies the tort liability subjects in traffic accidents at different operation stages of autonomous vehicles, aiming to protect the interests of the infringed parties to the greatest extent and ensure their full relief.