探析拒不执行判决、裁定罪的司法适用

An Analysis of the Judicial Application of the Crime of Refusing to Execute Judgments or Orders

摘要: “执行难”是我国当前司法实践中的一项突出的难题，严重影响了国家的审判、执行制度和人民法院裁判的权威性，严重影响权利人合法权益的实现，降低人们对法院的信任感。拒不执行判决、裁定罪作为处理逃避执行最严重的手段，其正确适用会缓解“执行难”的现状，让执行裁判真正得到落实，但在当前的司法实践中，拒不执行判决、裁定罪在适用过程中面临着诸多现实难题，例如犯罪构成要件难以认定、自诉取证困难、刑罚裁量标准不统一、司法裁判文书质量等，显然对“执行难”的刑事适用无法真正的解决。对此，通过探析拒不执行判决、裁定罪司法适用，以解决司法适用中存在的问题。

Abstract: “Difficulty in enforcement” is a prominent problem in China’s current judicial practice. It seriously affects the country’s trial and enforcement systems and the authority of people’s court rulings, hinders the realization of the legitimate rights and interests of obligees, and reduces people’s trust in courts. As the most severe means to deal with evasion of enforcement, the correct application of the crime of refusing to execute judgments or orders will alleviate the current situation of “difficulty in enforcement” and ensure the effective implementation of enforcement rulings. However, in current judicial practice, the application of this crime faces many practical difficulties, such as the difficulty in identifying the constitutive elements of the crime, the difficulty in collecting evidence in private prosecutions, the inconsistency in sentencing standards, and the quality of judicial rulings. Obviously, the criminal application to address “difficulty in enforcement” cannot be truly resolved. In response to this, we will explore the judicial application of the crime of refusing to execute judgments or orders to solve the problems existing in its judicial application.