玉溪市江川区渔村河生态清洁小流域综合治理工程效益分析评价

Benefit Analysis and Evaluation of Comprehensive Management Project of Ecological Clean Small Watershed in Yucun River, Jiangchuan District, Yuxi City

摘要: 渔村河小流域曾面临严重的水土流失与生态系统服务功能退化。通过对江川区渔村河小流域生态环境问题调查研究，采取水土流失治理工程、水系整治工程、万亩梯田示范工程、农业面源污染治理工程、人居环境整治工程等治理措施，并对流域内的水土保持措施进行效益监测，进而分析和预测综合治理措施的效益，结果表明：(1) 流域内年均减少水土流失量4.22万t，水土流失治理度达99.89%；(2) 年蓄水103.71万m³，蓄水保土缓洪效益显著，使得流域平均土壤侵蚀模数降至1276 t/km²∙a；(3) 污水收集处理率达到80%以上；(4) 森林覆盖率从29.04%提高至50.58%。可见，渔村河生态清洁小流域采取不同综合治理措施，形成水土保持综合治理措施体系，在生态效益上，工程有效改善了流域内的水质，减少水土流失，恢复和保护了生态系统的稳定性与生物多样性；经济效益方面，促进了流域内农业产业的优化升级，带动了相关产业发展，增加了居民收入；社会效益上，提升了当地居民的生活环境质量，增强了公众的生态保护意识。研究表明，该工程取得了显著的综合效益，为类似小流域的治理提供了可借鉴的经验与模式。

Abstract: The Yucun River small watershed once faced severe soil erosion and ecosystem degradation. Through ecological investigation in Jiangchuan District’s Yucun River basin, comprehensive measures including soil erosion control projects, water system rehabilitation, 10,000-mu terraced field demonstration projects, agricultural non-point source pollution control, and human settlement improvement were implemented. Benefit monitoring of soil conservation measures revealed: (1) Annual soil loss reduction reached 42,200 tons with 99.89% control rate; (2) 1.0371 million cubic meters of annual water storage significantly reduced soil erosion to 1276 tons/km²/a; (3) Sewage collection and treatment exceeded 80%; (4) Forest coverage increased from 29.04% to 50.58%. This ecological clean watershed demonstrates that integrated management measures form a comprehensive soil conservation system. Ecologically, the project improved water quality, reduced erosion, and restored ecosystem stability and biodiversity. Economically, it optimized agricultural industries, boosted related sectors, and increased residents’ income. Socially, it enhanced living environments and public conservation awareness. The study shows the project achieved remarkable comprehensive benefits, providing replicable models for similar small watershed management.