商业数据的不正当竞争行为及其规制

Unfair Competition Acts Involving Commercial Data and Their Regulation

摘要: 在数字经济蓬勃发展的当下，商业数据俨然成为关键生产要素，其保护却面临重重难题。本文首先梳理了商业数据保护的政策与立法背景，指出当前商业数据保护法律制度缺失，主要依靠《反不正当竞争法》相关条款解决争议。接着界定商业数据概念，分析其不正当竞争行为的主要两种表现形式以及判断标准，探讨司法认定现状与困境，以及现有法律规制存在的问题，如司法过度依赖一般条款、商业道德标准适用不当、相关立法存在缺陷等。最后提出完善法律规制的进路，包括设定商业道德和诚实信用原则的客观标准，明确一般条款适用的兜底性，旨在为商业数据不正当竞争行为的规制提供理论参考与实践指引，促进数据要素市场的健康有序发展。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the vigorous development of the digital economy, commercial data has emerged as a key production factor, yet its protection faces numerous challenges. This paper first combs the policy and legislative background of commercial data protection, pointing out that there is a lack of a sound legal system for commercial data protection at present, and disputes are mainly resolved through the relevant provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law. Then it defines the concept of commercial data, analyzes the two main forms of manifestation and judgment criteria of unfair competition acts related to it, explores the current situation and dilemmas of judicial determination, as well as the problems existing in the existing legal regulation, such as the excessive judicial reliance on general provisions, the improper application of business ethics standards, and the defects in relevant legislation. Finally, it proposes approaches to improve legal regulation, including setting objective standards for the principles of business ethics and good faith, and clarifying the supplementary nature of the application of general provisions. The aim is to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the regulation of unfair competition acts in commercial data, and promote the healthy and orderly development of the data factor market.