新工科理念下建筑设计教学的探索与实践——基于“三阶模块 + 数字赋能”的教学模式

Exploration and Practice of Architectural Design Teaching under the Concept of Emerging Engineering Education—A Teaching Model Based on “Three-Stage Analysis + Digital Empowerment”

摘要: 新工科建设背景下，建筑设计教学面临数字技术快速发展与传统教学模式滞后的双重挑战。针对当前教学“技术与设计脱节”的困境——学生能用数字工具建模，却难以将技术分析转化为设计决策——本研究提出“三阶模块 + 数字赋能”融合教学模式。该模式通过构建“前期分析–过程反馈–优化决策”的三阶段模块化教学流程，将性能模拟等数字技术系统性地嵌入设计全过程。一阶模块利用大数据分析和虚拟现实技术进行场地调研与沉浸式体验，输出数字化设计策略清单；二阶模块运用参数化设计工具实现“设计–模拟–优化”的实时循环，培养性能驱动的设计思维；三阶模块通过建筑信息模型技术进行全专业协同与性能精细化评估，强化工程决策能力。同时，教学团队自主研发了内嵌于Rhino的设计分析一体化平台，整合日照、采光、热工、通风、能耗五大性能分析，并建立虚拟现实实践实训平台，实现实景课堂、沉浸设计、仿真展示的全流程数字化教学。教学实践表明，该模式有效提升了学生“能分析、能设计、能协同”的新工科核心能力。

Abstract: Under the background of emerging engineering education construction, architectural design teaching faces dual challenges of rapid development of digital technology and lagging traditional teaching models. Addressing the prevalent dilemma of “disconnection between technology and design” in current teaching, where students can use digital tools for modeling but struggle to transform technical analysis into design decisions, this study proposes an integrated teaching model of “Three-Stage Analysis + Digital Empowerment”. The model systematically embeds digital technology throughout the entire design process by constructing a three-stage modular teaching workflow of “preliminary analysis, process feedback, and optimization decision-making”. Stage one utilizes big data analysis and VR technology for site investigation and immersive experience, producing a digital design strategy checklist. Stage two employs parametric design tools to achieve a real-time cycle of “design-simulation-optimization”, cultivating performance-driven design thinking. Stage three strengthens engineering decision-making capabilities through BIM technology for multi-disciplinary coordination and performance optimization. Simultaneously, the teaching team independently developed an integrated design-analysis platform embedded in Rhino, integrating five major performance analysis modules: solar access, daylighting, thermal performance, ventilation, and energy consumption, and established a virtual reality practice and training platform to achieve full-process digital teaching of real-scene classroom, immersive design, and simulation display. Teaching practice demonstrates that this model effectively enhances students’ core emerging engineering capabilities of “being able to analyze, design, and collaborate”.