《1844年经济学哲学手稿》劳动观价值意蕴探析

An Analysis of the Value Implication of View on Labor in “Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844”

摘要: 《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思早期思想转向过程中的重要文本，也是其系统探讨劳动问题、展开政治经济学批判与哲学批判的开端性著作。在这部手稿中，马克思围绕人的劳动实践，提出了异化劳动理论，并对劳动与人的本质、劳动与私有财产、劳动与社会历史发展等问题作了较为系统的阐释。马克思所阐释的劳动观，既批判了资本主义条件下劳动被扭曲、被异化的现实状况，也揭示了劳动作为人的自由自觉的类本质活动的本来意义，实现了对古典政治经济学与德国古典哲学劳动思想的超越。本文立足于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》文本本身，对其中劳动观的基本内容进行梳理，分别从人学价值、理论构建价值、社会批判价值以及当代实践价值几个层面，分析其劳动观所具有的深层价值意蕴，从而更加完整地把握马克思早期劳动思想的理论地位与现实意义，为当代理解劳动问题、树立科学的劳动价值理念提供一定的理论参考。

Abstract: “Economics and Philosophy Manuscripts in 1844” is an important text in the process of early ideological transformation, and it is also the beginning work of his systematic discussion of labor issues and his criticism of political economy and philosophy. In this manuscript, the theory of alienated labor is put forward around human labor practice, and the issues of labor and human nature, labor and private property, labor and social history are systematically explained. The view on labor explained not only criticizes the reality of labor being distorted and alienated under capitalist conditions, but also reveals the original meaning of labor as a free and conscious human activity of nature, and realizes the transcendence of the labor thought of classical political economy and German classical philosophy. Based on the “Economics and Philosophy Manuscripts in 1844”, this paper combs the basic content of the view on labor, and analyzes the deep value implication of the view on labor from the aspects of human value, theoretical construction value, social critical value and contemporary practice value, so as to grasp the theoretical status and practical significance of the early labor thought more completely, and provide some theoretical reference for contemporary understanding of labor issues and establishing scientific labor value concepts.