构式“不能说X，只能说Y”的语用功能探析
A Study on the Pragmatic Functions of the Construction “Buneng Shuo X, Zhineng Shuo Y”
DOI: 10.12677/ml.2026.144314, PDF,   
作者: 夏文欣：上海师范大学对外汉语学院，上海
关键词: 语用否定；构式语法；反预期；Pragmatic Negation Usage； Construction Grammar； Counter-Expectation
摘要: 本文以现代汉语中表示语用否定的“不能说X，只能说Y”为研究对象，其构式义为通过否定适宜性来实现反预期甚至是超预期的强调，从而传达出强烈的主观情感和认识。该构式具有修正表述，传递反预期信息和超预期信息三大语用功能。最后，本文运用关联理论，分析该构式在交际中如何通过明示–推理过程引导受话者付出最小加工努力，获取最佳关联解释，从而实现其语用功能。
Abstract: This paper examines the pragmatic negation construction “Buneng Shuo X, Zhineng Shuo Y” in Modern Chinese. Its constructional meaning is to emphasize counter‑expectation or even super‑expectation by negating appropriateness, thus expressing strong subjectivity. The construction serves three pragmatic functions: revising expressions, conveying counter‑expectation information, and delivering super‑expectation information. Within Relevance Theory, it is shown that the ostensive‑inferential process enables the hearer to achieve optimal relevance with minimal processing effort, thereby realizing its pragmatic functions.
文章引用：夏文欣. 构式“不能说X，只能说Y”的语用功能探析[J]. 现代语言学, 2026, 14(4): 454-458. https://doi.org/10.12677/ml.2026.144314

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