高中生考试焦虑的影响机制研究
A Study on the Mechanisms Influencing Exam Anxiety among High School Students
摘要: 考试焦虑是高中生常见且具有现实危害性的学业情绪问题。在学业评价压力持续增强的背景下，揭示考试焦虑形成的心理机制，对于促进学生心理健康具有重要意义。基于压力–应对理论，并融合积极心理学与自我决定理论视角(Self-Determination Theory)，本研究构建了一个包含压力感知、心理资本、父母自主支持的模型，以探讨高中生考试焦虑的影响路径及其作用条件。采用问卷调查法，对来自广东和湖南地区的548名高一高二学生进行调查。结果表明：(1) 高中生考试焦虑在性别和年级上存在显著差异；(2) 压力感知对考试焦虑具有显著正向预测作用，心理资本对考试焦虑具有显著负向预测作用，且心理资本在压力感知与考试焦虑之间发挥部分中介作用；(3) 父母自主支持在“压力感知–考试焦虑”和“心理资本–考试焦虑”两条路径中均起调节作用。
Abstract: Exam anxiety is a common academic emotional problem among high school students and may lead to significant negative consequences. In the context of increasing academic evaluation pressure, exploring the psychological mechanisms underlying the development of exam anxiety is of great importance for promoting students’ mental health. Based on the stress-coping theory, and integrating perspectives from positive psychology and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), this study constructed a model including perceived stress, psychological capital, and parental autonomy support to examine the pathways and conditions influencing exam anxiety among high school students. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 548 students in Grade 10 and Grade 11 from Guangdong and Hunan provinces in China. The results showed that: (1) Significant differences in exam anxiety were found across gender and grade levels; (2) Perceived stress significantly and positively predicted exam anxiety, whereas psychological capital significantly and negatively predicted exam anxiety, and psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and exam anxiety; (3) Parental autonomy support played a moderating role in both the “perceived stress-exam anxiety” pathway and the “psychological capital-exam anxiety” pathway.
文章引用：李娜 (2026). 高中生考试焦虑的影响机制研究. 心理学进展, 16(4), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.164204

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