子女代际支持对老年人金融消费风险的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Intergenerational Support Provided by Children on the Financial Consumption Risks of the Elderly

摘要: 人口老龄化与金融数字化双重背景下，老年金融消费风险防控成为养老金融建设的核心命题。基于中国老年社会追踪调查(CLASS) 2020年数据，本文系统考察子女代际支持对老年金融消费风险的影响机制与群体异质性。研究发现：老年金融消费风险发生率达18.6%，非法集资与电信诈骗是主要风险类型；子女代际支持与老年人金融消费风险呈显著负相关，表明其可能具有缓冲效应。其中，情感支持与较低的风险概率在所有群体中均显著相关，而经济支持与照料支持的保护性关联则集中体现在独居、农村、低教育等高危群体中。研究揭示了家庭支持在老年金融权益保护中的潜在价值，为构建“家庭赋能–社区协同–机构规范–政府监管”的多元防护体系提供了实证依据。

Abstract: Amidst the dual contexts of population aging and financial digitalization, mitigating financial consumption risks among older adults has emerged as a critical issue in the development of pension finance. Using data from the 2020 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), this study systematically examines the association between intergenerational support from adult children and financial consumption risks among older adults, as well as the heterogeneity of this relationship across different groups. The findings reveal that 18.6% of older adults have experienced financial consumption risks, with illegal fundraising and telecom fraud being the predominant types. Intergenerational support from children is significantly negatively correlated with financial consumption risks among older adults, suggesting a potential buffering effect. Specifically, emotional support exhibits the most consistent association with lower risk probability across all groups, whereas the protective associations of financial and instrumental support are predominantly concentrated among vulnerable subgroups, including those living alone, residing in rural areas, and having lower educational attainment. This study highlights the potential role of family support in safeguarding the financial rights of older adults and provides empirical evidence for constructing a multi-layered protection system involving family empowerment, community collaboration, institutional regulation, and government supervision.