中药复方调节NF-κB信号通路治疗动脉粥样 硬化的研究进展

Research Progress on Chinese Herbal Compounds Regulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

摘要: 动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis, AS)是心血管疾病的主要病理基础，全球每年因AS导致的死亡人数超过1700万，其防治已成为公共卫生领域的重大挑战。核转录因子-κB (NF-κB)作为炎症反应的核心调控枢纽，通过驱动慢性炎症、氧化应激以及血管重塑，在AS进程中发挥关键作用。尽管他汀类药物和PCSK9抑制剂能有效调节血脂，但其肝毒性、肌病风险及高昂成本限制了长期应用。近年来，中药复方凭借“多成分–多靶点–多通路”的协同特性，通过精准调控NF-κB信号网络，在AS治疗中展现出独特优势。本文系统综述了活血化瘀、清热祛湿及温阳化饮三类经典复方通过NF-κB通路干预AS的分子机制，结合最新临床前研究与循证医学证据，阐明中医药在AS防治中的科学内涵与应用前景，以期为中西医结合治疗AS提供理论支持。

Abstract: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the primary pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases, causing over 17 million deaths annually worldwide, making its prevention and treatment a major challenge in public health. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), a central regulator of inflammatory responses, plays a critical role in the progression of AS by driving chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular remodeling. Although statins and PCSK9 inhibitors effectively modulate blood lipids, their long-term application is limited by hepatotoxicity, myopathy risks, and high costs. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds have demonstrated unique advantages in AS treatment through their synergistic “multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway” characteristics, enabling precise regulation of the NF-κB signaling network. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms by which three classic TCM compound categories—blood-activating and stasis-resolving, heat-clearing and dampness-drying, and yang-warming and fluid-retention-resolving, intervene in AS via the NF-κB pathway. Integrating the latest preclinical research and evidence-based medical data, this paper elucidates the scientific rationale and application prospects of TCM in preventing and treating AS, aiming to provide theoretical support for integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine approaches to AS therapy.