社会工作介入城市社区空巢老人预防诈骗的策略研究——以C市S区为例

Research on Strategies of Social Work Intervention in Preventing Fraud among Empty-Nest Elderly in Urban Communities—A Case Study of S District, C City

摘要: 近年来随着我国老龄化程度的加深，城市社区的空巢老人由于缺乏安全意识成为网络诈骗的高发受害群体，大量不法分子冒充各类工作人员、亲朋好友，使用各类骗局对空巢老人的财产进行诈骗，暴露出老年群体防诈意识薄弱、缺乏关爱、安全意识不足的问题。而笔者本科阶段所学专业为社会工作，具有一定的理论基础，从社会工作的专业角度出发，对C市S区进行实地调研，采用个案分析、小组活动的方法，了解C市S区空巢老人的受骗情况与反诈需求，结合社会工作个案、小组、社区三大方法，在前人的研究基础上探索社会工作介入空巢老人防诈骗的策略。通过定制化防诈知识宣教、定期进行心理疏导与构建亲情支持网络，并完善前期的反诈预警工作和后期的应急干预机制，以期提升S区空巢老人的防诈识骗能力，填补城市空巢老人在安全防护知识、情感关怀上的短板。本文的研究结果可为城市空巢老人的防诈骗工作提供参考，保护社区空巢老人财产安全。在实际过程中，笔者运用个案的方法开展实务以提高城市空巢老人的防诈骗意识，服务成效较好，但也存在干预持续性不足与服务覆盖面有限等局限。

Abstract: In recent years, with the deepening of population aging in China, empty-nest elderly people in urban communities have become a high-risk group targeted by online fraud due to their lack of security awareness. A large number of criminals impersonate staff members, relatives and friends, and employ various scams to defraud the property of empty-nest elderly, exposing problems such as weak fraud prevention awareness, insufficient care and inadequate security consciousness among the elderly group. As an undergraduate majoring in social work, the author has a certain theoretical foundation. From a professional perspective of social work, this study conducts field research in S District, C City, and adopts case analysis and group work methods to understand the fraud situations and anti-fraud needs of the empty-nest elderly in S District, C City. Combined with the three major methods of social work—case work, group work and community work—this paper explores strategies for social work intervention in fraud prevention for the empty-nest elderly on the basis of previous studies. Through customized anti-fraud knowledge education, regular psychological counseling, the construction of family support networks, as well as the improvement of early anti-fraud early warning mechanisms and later emergency intervention mechanisms, this paper aims to enhance the fraud prevention and identification capabilities of the empty-nest elderly in S District, and make up for their shortcomings in safety protection knowledge and emotional care. The research results of this paper can provide references for fraud prevention work for urban empty-nest elderly and protect their property safety in communities. In practice, the author carried out practical services through the case work method to raise the fraud prevention awareness of urban empty-nest elderly, achieving satisfactory service effects. However, there are also limitations such as insufficient sustainability of intervention and limited service coverage.