HMX/Fe₂O₃/炭黑复合含能材料的制备及其激光点火性能测试

Preparation and Laser Ignition Performance of HMX/Fe₂O₃/Carbon Black Composite Energetic Materials

摘要: 以催化效果良好的Fe₂O₃及吸光性能良好的炭黑作HMX复合含能材料的复合成分，并加入适量的氟橡胶作黏结剂，采用溶剂–非溶剂法结合超声震荡的方法制备HMX/Fe₂O₃/炭黑复合含能材料，以改善HMX的激光点火性能。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外漫反射(UV-Vis-DRS)对复合物进行形貌表征，并对其进行1064 nm激光点火性能测试，结果表明：复合物中的HMX晶型为β型，且颗粒大小分布均匀，粒径在30 μm~60 μm区间内；炭黑能改善HMX基复合含能材料对光的吸收效果，炭黑含量为0.2%的HMX复合药剂对1064 nm波长的光吸收率为47.79%，而炭黑含量为1%的HMX复合药剂对1064 nm波长的光吸收率增加到了59.71%；加入Fe₂O₃能提高HMX基复合含能材料的质量燃速，仅加入质量分数1%的炭黑的HMX复合药剂质量燃速为0.0279 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹，燃速较小，继续向其中分别引入质量分数为1%、2%、3%的Fe₂O₃后，药剂质量燃速分别提高到了0.0374、0.0524、 0.0796 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹。在各组药剂中，各组分质量比(HMX:Fe₂O₃:炭黑:氟橡胶)为94:3:1:2的HMX复合药剂激光点火效果最好，药剂能够稳定燃烧，还赋予药剂较高的质量燃速0.0796 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹。

Abstract: In order to improve the laser ignition performance of HMX. HMX/Fe₂O₃/carbon black composite energetic materials were prepared by the solvent-nonsolvent method combined with ultrasonic vibration, using Fe₂O₃ with favorable catalytic activity and carbon black with excellent light absorption performance as composite components, and an appropriate amount of fluoroelastomer as the binder. The morphology and structure of the composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS). The laser ignition performance at 1064 nm was also tested. The results showed that HMX in the composites is of β-crystal form with uniform particle size distribution ranging from 30 μm to 60 μm. Carbon black can effectively improve the light absorption of HMX-based composites. The light absorption rate at 1064 nm is 47.79% for the composite with 0.2% carbon black and increases to 59.71% with 1% carbon black. The addition of Fe₂O₃ can significantly increase the mass burning rate of the composites. The composite containing only 1 wt% carbon black showed a mass burning rate of 0.0279 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹, while the values increased to 0.0374, 0.0524 and 0.0796 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹ after 1, 2 and 3 wt% Fe₂O₃ added, respectively. The composite with the mass ratio of HMX:Fe₂O₃:carbon black:fluoroelastomer = 94:3:1:2 displayed the best laser ignition performance, which can burn stably and presents a high mass burning rate of 0.0796 g·cm⁻²·s⁻¹.