铁路静态激光接触网测量仪的硬件设计

Hardware Design of a Railway Static Laser Contact Network Measuring Instrument

摘要: 针对铁路接触网几何参数测量中存在的测量效率低、人工测量误差大的问题，设计了一种铁路静态激光接触网测量仪的硬件系统。系统以STM32H743IIT6为主控核心，构建了由激光测距模块、光学测量系统、光电编码器、倾角传感器及数据采集电路组成的测量平台。与传统通过机械旋转激光测距模块实现导高测量的方法不同，本文采用程序控制光学系统改变激光传播路径的方式实现导高测量，从而使激光对准接触线的操作更加简便。同时针对激光测距精度受温度影响较大的问题，设计了基于TEC的温控模块以提高测距稳定性。实验结果表明，在无温控条件下测距重复性精度约为±2.96 mm，而在温控条件下可提升至±0.466 mm，满足1 mm测量稳定性的设计要求。该系统具有结构简单、测量精度高和稳定性好的特点，可为铁路接触网几何参数检测提供一种有效的技术方案。

Abstract: A hardware system for a railway static laser contact line measuring instrument is proposed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of geometric parameter measurement of railway contact networks. The system is based on the STM32H743IIT6 microcontroller and integrates a laser ranging module, optical measurement system, photoelectric encoder, inclination sensor, and data acquisition circuits to realize multi-sensor data acquisition and processing. Unlike conventional measurement instruments that determine the contact wire height by mechanically rotating the laser ranging module, the proposed system measures the height by modifying the laser propagation path through an optical system. In this paper, a program-controlled optical system is used to change the laser propagation path to achieve contact wire height measurement, thereby making the operation of aligning the laser with the contact wire more convenient. In addition, considering the significant influence of temperature on the measurement accuracy of the laser ranging module, a temperature control module based on a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is designed to stabilize the operating temperature of the laser device. Experimental tests were carried out to evaluate the stability of the laser ranging module under different temperature conditions. The results show that the repeatability accuracy of the module is approximately ± 2.96 mm without temperature control, while it improves to ±0.466 mm when the temperature is controlled. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can achieve the design requirement of 1 mm measurement stability. The instrument features high measurement accuracy, good stability, and a relatively simple structure, providing a practical solution for railway contact line geometric parameter measurement. to the Hans standard, which illustrates all the formats.