基于语料库的《老人与海》译者风格研究

A Corpus-Based Analysis of Translator Style in The Old Man and the Sea

摘要: 本研究基于自建的《老人与海》英汉一对二平行语料库，采用定量与定性相结合的方法，对比分析了吴劳和余光中两位译者的风格。研究从词汇、句法、语篇三个层面展开，考察了标准类符形符比、词汇密度、句子总数与平均句长、被动式使用、衔接手段以及语篇情感等多个语言特征。研究发现，两位译者的风格存在显著差异：吴劳的译本在显化程度、欧化程度上更高，更忠实于原文的形合特点；余光中的译本则词汇更丰富，句式更灵活多变，更贴近汉语“意合”的语言习惯。研究认为，语料库驱动的量化分析方法能够使译者风格研究更为科学，为定性分析提供实证支持。

Abstract: This study, based on a self-constructed English-Chinese one-to-two parallel corpus of The Old Man and the Sea, employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to compare and analyze the translator styles of Wu Lao and Yu Guangzhong. The study is carried out from three levels—lexical, syntactic, and discourse—examining a range of linguistic features, including the standardized type-token ratio, lexical density, total number of sentences and average sentence length, usage of passive constructions and cohesive devices, and sentiment. The findings reveal significant differences between the two translators: Wu Lao’s version demonstrates a higher degree of explicitation and Europeanization and is more faithful to the hypotactic features of the source text; Yu Guangzhong’s translation, by contrast, conforms more closely to the paratactic conventions of Chinese, featuring richer vocabulary and more flexible and varied sentence structures. The study suggests that corpus-driven quantitative analysis enables a more scientific study of translator style and provides empirical support for qualitative analyses.