肿瘤免疫治疗联合疗法的研究进展与临床应用

Research Progress and Clinical Application of Combined Tumor Immunotherapy Regimens

摘要: 肿瘤免疫治疗是一种通过激活宿主自身免疫系统以清除肿瘤细胞的治疗手段，现已成为继外科手术、化学治疗及放射治疗后的第四大肿瘤治疗方法。以免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors, ICIs)为代表的免疫疗法已显著改变了多种肿瘤患者的治疗结局。然而，单一免疫治疗模式存在客观缓解率(objective response rate, ORR)低、易产生耐药性等局限性，限制了临床疗效与应用。肿瘤免疫治疗联合疗法通过协同互补策略，旨在重塑肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME)、增强抗肿瘤免疫效应并克服耐药，已成为当前肿瘤治疗领域的前沿研究方向。本文阐述了肿瘤免疫治疗联合疗法的核心协同机制，梳理了免疫联合化疗、放疗、靶向治疗、细胞治疗及中医药等联合策略的研究进展，并概述其在不同肿瘤类型中的临床应用现状，以期为临床肿瘤个体化治疗策略的相关研究开展提供参考。

Abstract: Tumor immunotherapy is a therapeutic approach that kills tumor cells by activating the body’s own immune system. It has become the fourth major tumor treatment modality following surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), it has significantly altered the treatment outcomes of patients with various types of tumors. However, monotherapy with immunotherapy has limitations such as a low objective response rate (ORR) and high tendency to induce drug resistance, which restricts its clinical efficacy and application. Combined tumor immunotherapy, through synergistic and complementary strategies, remodels the tumor microenvironment (TME), enhances anti-tumor immune responses, and reduces drug resistance rates, thus emerging as a research hotspot in the field of tumor therapy. This article elaborates on the core synergistic mechanisms of combined tumor immunotherapy, reviews the research progress of combination strategies involving immunotherapy plus chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, cell therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine, summarizes the current status of their clinical application in different tumor types, and aims to provide a reference for relevant research on individualized clinical tumor treatment strategies.