胆管支架在不可切除肝门部胆管癌内引流中的应用进展
Application Progress of Biliary Stent in Internal Drainage for Unresectable Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
摘要: 不可切除肝门部胆管癌(uHCCA)一般会造成恶性肝门部胆道梗阻(MHBO)，导致梗阻性黄疸，严重影响患者的生存质量和预后状况。内镜下胆道引流(EBD)属于核心姑息性治疗方式其中的一种，其目标被确定为症状缓解、肝功能改善这两类临床获益。当前对于uHCCA的内引流，在支架的选择、引流的方式还有联合治疗等方面，挑战与进展一起存在。本文对于塑料与金属支架的选择策略展开了综述；对单侧引流和双侧引流方式的临床权衡进行了探讨；阐述了超声内镜引导下胆道引流(EUS-BD)等新兴技术的应用价值，以及支架联合光动力疗法等局部消融治疗的协同可能性。经过对现有证据进行系统梳理，目的是为优化uHCCA的姑息性胆道引流提供循证医学方面的参考与实践层面的指导。
Abstract: Unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (uHCCA) usually causes malignant hilar biliary obstruction (MHBO), which leads to obstructive jaundice. It also greatly affects patients’ quality of life and prognosis. Endoscopic biliary drainage (EBD) is one of the main palliative treatments, and it aims to relieve symptoms and improve liver function. Current methods for internal drainage in uHCCA face both challenges and progress in stent choice, drainage methods, and combined therapies. This article reviews strategies for selecting plastic versus metal stents; discusses clinical trade-offs between unilateral and bilateral drainage approaches; explains the application value of emerging techniques such as endoscopic ultrasonography-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD); and explores synergistic potential of local ablation therapies like stent combined with photodynamic therapy. Through systematic review of existing evidence, this article aims to provide evidence-based medical references and practical guidance for optimizing palliative biliary drainage in uHCCA management.
文章引用：刘曈昕, 鲁嘉欣, 钟华, 彭星华. 胆管支架在不可切除肝门部胆管癌内引流中的应用进展[J]. 临床医学进展, 2026, 16(4): 4301-4312. https://doi.org/10.12677/acm.2026.1641698

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