人类呼吸道病毒组与疾病发生、免疫发育的 范围综述：证据总结与未来方向

Human Respiratory Virome: Associations with Disease Pathogenesis and Immune Development—Evidence Synthesis and Future Directions, a Scoping Review

摘要: 目的：系统分析人类呼吸道病毒组相关研究，总结呼吸道病毒组与疾病发生及免疫发育关联的现有证据，为未来该领域研究内容与方向提供依据。方法：遵循范围综述方法框架，系统检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、万方数据库及中国知网(CNKI) 7个中英文数据库，检索时限为2004年1月1日至2025年10月31日。对纳入文献进行归类与描述性分析。结果：共纳入64篇文献，涵盖原始研究与综述，研究地域分布于25个国家和地区，研究对象包括疾病状态人群、健康人群及两者兼有的人群。现有研究多将呼吸道病毒组作为微生物组的次要组分，缺乏对病毒组本身，尤其是共生病毒与宿主免疫发育因果机制的深入探讨。结论：呼吸道病毒组在健康与疾病状态下构成差异显著，且与细菌组、宿主免疫存在复杂交互，但目前针对性研究仍较分散。未来研究应进一步聚焦呼吸道病毒组的功能解析、机制验证及转化应用，推动其从微生物组学的“附属角色”转向独立、系统的研究方向。

Abstract: Objective: To systematically analyze studies on the human respiratory virome, summarize the available evidence linking the respiratory virome to disease pathogenesis and immune development, and provide a basis for future research content and directions in this field. Methods: Following the framework of a scoping review, we systematically searched seven Chinese and English databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Database, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The search period was from January 1, 2004, to October 31, 2025. The included literature was classified and descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 64 articles were included, covering original studies and reviews. The studies were conducted in 25 countries and regions, with participants including diseased populations, healthy individuals, and mixed populations. Most existing studies regarded the respiratory virome as a secondary component of the microbiome, lacking in-depth exploration of the virome itself, especially the causal mechanisms between commensal viruses and host immune development. Conclusions: The composition of the respiratory virome differs significantly between healthy and diseased states, and it has complex interactions with the bacteriome and host immunity. However, current targeted studies remain fragmented. Future research should further focus on the functional characterization, mechanistic validation, and translational application of the respiratory virome, promoting its shift from an “auxiliary role” in microbiomics to an independent and systematic research direction.