微信图文宣教在预防中度男性乳房发育术后并发症中的效果分析

Effect of WeChat Graphic Education on Preventing Postoperative Complications in Moderate Gynecomastia

摘要: 目的：探讨基于微信平台的图文宣教模式对中度男性乳房发育患者术后并发症的预防效果，为优化围手术期护理策略提供依据。方法：选取2021年7月~2024年6月在南方科技大学医院整形外科行手术治疗的中度男性乳房发育患者26例，采用随机数字表法分为两组。A组(标准化常规宣教组) 14例，平均年龄(25 ± 3.70)岁；B组(微信图文宣教组) 12例，平均年龄(25 ± 5.51)岁。两组均采用吸脂联合乳晕小切口乳腺切除术。A组采用临床公认的良好实践标准实施全面口头宣教，内容覆盖术前准备、术后活动、饮食、伤口护理、塑身衣穿戴及复诊安排；B组在相同宣教内容基础上，通过微信推送图文宣教材料，并由专人逐项讲解、术后持续提醒与督导。主要观察指标为术后14天内皮肤瘀斑、皮下血肿、术区不平整的发生率。结果：术后14天内，A组发生并发症7例，其中瘀斑4例、血肿2例、凹凸不平1例，并发症发生率为50.00%；B组仅1例出现轻度瘀斑，并发症发生率为8.33%，两组差异具有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。B组在术后疼痛控制、患者依从性及满意度方面均显著优于A组。结论：在规范手术治疗基础上，采用微信图文宣教可显著提高患者围手术期依从性，有效降低中度男性乳房发育术后瘀斑、血肿及术区不平整等并发症发生率，改善术后康复质量，值得临床推广。

Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of WeChat-based graphic health education on preventing postoperative complications in patients with moderate gynecomastia, so as to provide evidence for optimizing perioperative nursing strategies. Methods: A total of 26 male patients with moderate gynecomastia who underwent liposuction combined with periareolar mini-incision mastectomy in our department from July 2021 to June 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. Group A (standard routine education, n = 14) received comprehensive oral education covering preoperative preparation, postoperative activity, diet, wound care, compression garment wearing and follow-up arrangements. Group B (WeChat graphic education, n = 12) received the same standard content plus graphic materials pushed via WeChat with one-to-one explanation and continuous supervision. The incidence of ecchymosis, hematoma and uneven contour within 14 days after surgery was recorded. Results: Within 14 days postoperatively, complications occurred in 7 cases (50.00%) in Group A, including 4 cases of ecchymosis, 2 of hematoma and 1 of uneven contour. Only 1 case (8.33%) of mild ecchymosis was found in Group B, showing a significant difference (P < 0.05). Group B was also superior in pain control, compliance and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: On the basis of standardized surgery, WeChat-based graphic health education can significantly improve perioperative compliance, reduce the incidence of ecchymosis, hematoma and uneven contour, and enhance postoperative recovery. It is worthy of clinical application.