养老机构老年人跌倒预防的知信行现状及其影响因素研究
Study on the Current Status of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Fall Prevention among Elderly Residents in Nursing Homes and Its Influencing Factors
DOI: 10.12677/ns.2026.154118, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 胡惠菊*#, 靳 杨, 王翊丞, 陈欣悦：华北理工大学护理与康复学院，河北 唐山；成 杰：华北理工大学附属医院，河北 唐山；聂哲龙：邢台市人民医院，河北 邢台
关键词: 老年人；自我管理；知信行；养老机构；影响因素；Elderly； Self-Management； Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior； Nursing Homes； Influencing Factors
摘要: 目的：了解养老机构老年人跌倒预防知信行现况，并分析预防跌倒自我管理对老年人知信行的影响。方法：采取便利抽样法，选取唐山市和天津市共9所养老机构内517名老年人为研究对象，采用一般资料问卷、养老机构特征性问卷、STEADI老年人跌倒风险自评量表、养老机构老年人跌倒预防知信行问卷和老年人预防跌倒自我管理问卷进行调查。结果：对517名养老机构老年人的预防跌倒自我管理和跌倒预防知信行总分及各维度得分进行了统计分析。结果显示，跌倒自我管理总分为(167.29 ± 14.19)，得分率为79.66%，条目均分为3.98分；知识维度得分为(13.49 ± 3.30)，得分率为61.32%，条目均分为1.59分；态度维度得分为(26.61 ± 3.18)分，得分率为76.03%，条目均分为1.22分；行为维度得分为(23.97 ± 5.32)分，得分率为53.27%，条目均分为3.80分。知信行总分为(64.07 ± 10.37)分，总体得分率为62.81%，条目均分为1.94分。多因素分析中，年龄、文化程度、是否害怕跌倒、药物管理和自我保护/跌倒自救行为是预防跌倒知、信、行共同的影响因素；过去一年是否发生跌倒、参加活动和健康信念是预防跌倒态度和行为的特异危险因素(P < 0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析显示，自我管理与跌倒预防知信行各维度和总分之间均呈正相关(P < 0.05)。结论：护理人员可通过提高预防跌倒自我管理能力促进老年人跌倒预防知信行的提高，从而减少跌倒的发生。
Abstract: Objective: To analyze the status of fall prevention knowledge, attitude and behaviors among elderly in nursing homes, and to explore the influence of management on fall prevention knowledge, attitude and behaviors. Methods: A total of 517 elderly in 9 nursing homes from Tangshan and Tianjin City were investigated by general information questionnaire, Stay Independent Brochure Questionnaire, the self-management abilities for fall prevention in elderly questionnaire and fall prevention knowledge, attitude and behaviors questionnaire. Results: Statistical analysis was conducted on the total scores and dimensional scores of fall prevention self-management and fall prevention knowledge attitude and practice among 517 elderly individuals in nursing homes. The results showed that the total score of fall prevention self-management was 167.29 ± 14.19 the score rate was 79.66% and the mean item score was 3.98. The score of the knowledge dimension was 13.49 ± 3.30 the score rate was 61.32% and the mean item score was 1.59. The score of the attitude dimension was 26.61 ± 3.18 the score rate was 76.03% and the mean item score was 1.22. The score of the practice dimension was 23.97 ± 5.32 the score rate was 53.27% and the mean item score was 3.80. The total score of knowledge attitude and practice was 64.07 ± 10.37, the overall score rate was 62.81% and the mean item score was 1.94. In multivariate analysis age educational level fear of falling medication management and self-protection and fall self-rescue behavior were common influencing factors for fall prevention knowledge attitude and practice. History of falls in the past year participation in activities and health beliefs were specific risk factors for fall prevention attitude and practice P < 0.05. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that self-management was positively correlated with each dimension and total score of fall prevention knowledge attitude and practice P < 0.05. Conclusion: The nurses could improve the self-management abilities to increase the fall prevention knowledge, attitude and behaviors of elderly, aiming to decrease the occurrence of falls.
文章引用：胡惠菊, 靳杨, 成杰, 聂哲龙, 王翊丞, 陈欣悦. 养老机构老年人跌倒预防的知信行现状及其影响因素研究[J]. 护理学, 2026, 15(4): 167-177. https://doi.org/10.12677/ns.2026.154118

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