急诊科护士对脑梗患者肢体功能早期干预护理效果的临床回顾性研究

Clinical Retrospective Study on the Effect of Early Intervention Nursing for Limb Function in Cerebral Infarction Patients by Emergency Department Nurses

摘要: 目的：回顾性分析急诊科护士对脑梗死(脑梗)患者实施肢体功能早期干预护理的临床效果，明确护理要点及影响因素，为优化急诊科脑梗患者护理方案、改善患者肢体功能预后、提高生活质量提供临床参考。方法：选取新疆医科大学第六附属医院急诊科2021年1月至2023年12月收治的168例脑梗患者作为研究对象，回顾性分析所有患者的临床资料、急诊科护士实施肢体功能早期干预护理的具体措施，根据护理干预方式分为早期干预组(86例)和常规护理组(82例)。常规护理组实施脑梗常规急救及基础护理，早期干预组在常规护理基础上，由急诊科护士实施系统性肢体功能早期干预护理，比较两组患者干预后肢体功能恢复情况、护理满意度及并发症发生率，分析急诊科护士肢体功能早期干预护理的实施效果及影响因素。结果：干预后，早期干预组患者Fugl-Meyer肢体功能评定量表(FMA)评分显著高于常规护理组，护理满意度(96.51%)显著高于常规护理组(84.15%)，肢体功能障碍相关并发症(压疮、关节僵硬、肌肉萎缩)发生率(5.81%)显著低于常规护理组(18.29%)，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，护士脑梗护理工作年限、肢体功能干预护理专项培训经历、护理干预及时性是影响护理效果的主要因素(P < 0.05)。结论：急诊科护士对脑梗患者实施系统性肢体功能早期干预护理，可有效促进患者肢体功能恢复，降低肢体功能障碍相关并发症发生率，提升护理满意度；加强急诊科护士专项培训、规范干预流程、保障干预及时性，可进一步提升护理效果，改善患者预后，值得临床推广应用。

Abstract: Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical effect of early intervention nursing for limb function implemented by emergency department nurses in patients with cerebral infarction, clarify the key nursing points and influencing factors, so as to provide clinical reference for optimizing the nursing plan for cerebral infarction patients in the emergency department, improving the prognosis of patients’ limb function and their quality of life. Methods: A total of 168 patients with cerebral infarction admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the research subjects. The clinical data of all patients and the specific measures of early intervention nursing for limb function implemented by emergency department nurses were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an early intervention group (86 cases) and a routine nursing group (82 cases) according to different nursing interventions. The routine nursing group received routine first aid and basic nursing for cerebral infarction, while the early intervention group received systematic early intervention nursing for limb function by emergency department nurses on the basis of routine nursing. The recovery of limb function, nursing satisfaction and incidence of complications after intervention were compared between the two groups, and the implementation effect and influencing factors of early intervention nursing for limb function by emergency department nurses were analyzed. Results: After intervention, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) score of limb function in the early intervention group was significantly higher than that in the routine nursing group. The nursing satisfaction rate (96.51%) was significantly higher than that in the routine nursing group (84.15%), and the incidence of complications related to limb dysfunction (pressure ulcers, joint stiffness, muscle atrophy) (5.81%) was significantly lower than that in the routine nursing group (18.29%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the working years of nurses in cerebral infarction nursing, special training experience in limb function intervention nursing, and timeliness of nursing intervention were the main factors affecting the nursing effect (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of systematic early intervention nursing for limb function by emergency department nurses in patients with cerebral infarction can effectively promote the recovery of patients’ limb function, reduce the incidence of complications related to limb dysfunction, and improve nursing satisfaction. Strengthening special training for emergency department nurses, standardizing intervention procedures and ensuring the timeliness of intervention can further improve the nursing effect and patients’ prognosis, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.