磁性药物贴片联合规范化护理在关节术后疼痛管理中的临床疗效分析

Clinical Efficacy Analysis of Magnetic Drug Patch Combined with Standardized Nursing in Postoperative Pain Management of Joint Surgery

摘要: 目的：分析磁性药物贴片联合规范化护理在关节术后疼痛管理中的临床疗效，为优化术后疼痛干预方案提供循证依据。方法：选取2023年12月至2025年5月新疆医科大学第六附属医院关节外科收治的100例关节手术(全膝/髋关节置换术、关节镜修复术)患者，根据干预方案分为对照组(n = 50)与实验组(n = 50)。对照组采用传统疼痛管理方案(常规止痛药物 + 人工疼痛评估 + 基础宣教)，实验组在对照组基础上增加磁性药物贴片局部给药、多次生命体征监测及护理信息系统个性化干预。采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据分析，计量资料以(x ± s)表示、组间用t检验，计数资料以[n (%)]表示、组间用χ²检验，P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果：两组患者一般资料比较无统计学差异(P > 0.05)，具有可比性。实验组术后1天(5.2 ± 1.1)分、1周(3.1 ± 0.9)分、1个月(1.5 ± 0.7)分的VAS评分均低于对照组(6.8 ± 1.2)分、(4.5 ± 1.0)分、(2.3 ± 0.8)分；术后3天疼痛缓解率(72.0%, 36/50)高于对照组(46.0%, 23/50)；术后3个月关节活动度(118.5 ± 10.3)、6个月eKSS/Harris评分(85.6 ± 7.1)分优于对照组(105.2 ± 12.5)、(75.3 ± 8.2)分；术后48h药物释放延迟时间(20.3 ± 4.1)短于对照组(35.6 ± 5.2)；术后3个月ORT量表药物依赖风险评分(2.1 ± 0.9)分低于对照组(3.2 ± 1.1)分；术后6个月疼痛复发率(14.0%, 7/50)低于对照组(30.0%, 15/50)；术后2周护理满意度(8.8 ± 1.0)分高于对照组(7.5 ± 1.3)分；术后3个月全程医疗费用(10,800 ± 1200)元低于对照组(12,500 ± 1500)元，上述指标差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。两组术后7天局部皮肤反应、术后1周内全身不良反应发生率及术后6个月关节活动受限率比较，差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。结论：磁性药物贴片联合规范化护理可有效减轻关节术后患者疼痛程度、促进关节功能恢复、缩短药物释放延迟时间、降低药物依赖风险与疼痛复发率，同时提升护理满意度、控制医疗成本，且安全性良好，临床疗效优于传统疼痛管理方案，可作为关节术后疼痛管理的优选方案推广应用。

Abstract: Objective: To analyze the clinical efficacy of magnetic drug patch combined with standardized nursing in postoperative pain management of joint surgery, and to provide evidence-based basis for optimizing postoperative pain intervention plans. Methods: A total of 100 patients who underwent joint surgery (total knee arthroplasty/total hip arthroplasty, arthroscopic repair) in the Department of Joint Surgery, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from December 2023 to May 2025 were selected. They were divided into a control group (n = 50) and an experimental group (n = 50) according to the intervention plan. The control group adopted a traditional pain management plan (routine analgesics + manual pain assessment + basic health education), while the experimental group added local administration of magnetic drug patches, multiple vital sign monitoring, and personalized intervention via nursing information system on the basis of the control group. SPSS 27.0 software was used for data analysis. Measurement data were expressed as (x ± s) and compared between groups using t-test; count data were expressed as [n (%)] and compared between groups using χ² test. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in general data between the two groups (P > 0.05), indicating comparability. In the experimental group, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores at 1 day (5.2 ± 1.1), 1 week (3.1 ± 0.9), and 1 month (1.5 ± 0.7) after surgery were all lower than those in the control group [(6.8 ± 1.2), (4.5 ± 1.0), (2.3 ± 0.8) respectively]; the pain relief rate at 3 days after surgery (72.0%, 36/50) was higher than that in the control group (46.0%, 23/50); the joint range of motion at 3 months after surgery (118.5 ± 10.3) and the eKSS/Harris score at 6 months after surgery (85.6 ± 7.1) were better than those in the control group [(105.2 ± 12.5), (75.3 ± 8.2) respectively]; the drug release delay time at 48 hours after surgery (20.3 ± 4.1) s was shorter than that in the control group (35.6 ± 5.2) s; the Opioid Risk Tool (ORT) score for drug dependence risk at 3 months after surgery (2.1 ± 0.9) was lower than that in the control group (3.2 ± 1.1); the pain recurrence rate at 6 months after surgery (14.0%, 7/50) was lower than that in the control group (30.0%, 15/50); the nursing satisfaction score at 2 weeks after surgery (8.8 ± 1.0) was higher than that in the control group (7.5 ± 1.3); the total medical cost within 3 months after surgery (10,800 ± 1200 yuan) was lower than that in the control group (12,500 ± 1500 yuan). All the above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of local skin reactions at 7 days after surgery, systemic adverse reactions within 1 week after surgery, and joint movement limitation rate at 6 months after surgery between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Magnetic drug patch combined with standardized nursing can effectively reduce the pain degree of patients after joint surgery, promote the recovery of joint function, shorten the drug release delay time, reduce the risk of drug dependence and pain recurrence, while improving nursing satisfaction and controlling medical costs. With good safety, its clinical efficacy is superior to the traditional pain management plan, and it can be promoted and applied as a preferred plan for postoperative pain management of joint surgery.