论《治安管理处罚法》中违法记录封存条款的适用

On the Application of Illegal Record Sealing Provisions in the “Public Security Administration Punishment Law”

摘要: 2025年修订的《治安管理处罚法》增设了关于违法记录封存的具体条款，标志着我国违法记录治理从“放任查询”向“严格限制查询”转型。本文基于法教义学与规范分析方法，聚焦该条款的法理基础、其规范文本的构造以及在执法与司法中的适用路径三大核心问题：其一，论证相关法律原则对该条款设计的指导意义；其二，在“应封尽封”原则下，明确该条款所覆盖的记录范围、例外情形以及查询主体与程序的法定化要求；其三，探讨该条款在实践中“自动封存与动态评估”的适用方案及其与轻微犯罪记录封存规定的衔接。研究发现，当前该法律条文在例外情形界定、动态评估等适用环节仍有完善空间，需通过“宽封严用”的核心准则健全监督与救济体系。本文旨在为该条款的正确解释与有效实施、促进个体社会复归、提升社会治理效能提供理论参考。

Abstract: The revised “Public Security Administration Punishment Law” in 2025 has added specific provisions on the sealing of illegal records, marking the transition of China’s illegal record governance from “laissez faire inquiry” to “strict restriction of inquiry”. This article is based on the methods of legal doctrine and normative analysis, focusing on three core issues: the legal basis of this clause, the construction of its normative text, and its application path in law enforcement and judiciary. Firstly, it argues for the guiding significance of relevant legal principles for the design of this clause; Secondly, under the principle of “should be fully sealed”, clarify the scope of records covered by this clause, exceptions, and the statutory requirements for query subjects and procedures; Thirdly, explore the application scheme of “automatic sealing and dynamic evaluation” of this clause in practice and its connection with the provisions on sealing minor criminal records. Research has found that there is still room for improvement in the definition of exceptions, dynamic evaluation, and other applicable aspects of the current legal provisions. It is necessary to establish a sound supervision and relief system through the core principle of “lenient sealing and strict use”. This article aims to provide theoretical reference for the correct interpretation and effective implementation of this clause, promote individual social return, and enhance social governance efficiency.