主观构造的视角下网络信息传播安全的刑法法益保护研究

Research on the Protection of Criminal Legal Interests for Network Information Dissemination Security from the Perspective of Subjective Construction

摘要: 网络信息传播安全不仅涉及信息内容的客观真实性，更关涉公众基于信息而形成的主观心理状态。从主观构造的视角审视，公众对自身安全状况的认知、情感与判断构成网络信息传播安全的重要维度。当信息传播失范时，主观构造要素的缺失将引发信任体系崩塌、社会心态异化、价值判断扭曲及行动自由受限等失范后果。面对这些主观层面的影响，实务中形成了将主观安全感作为独立法益加以保护的路径，呈现为情感安全利益、社会心态秩序、人格权属性及政府公信力内涵等多元实践样态。然而，独立性保护路径面临着法理正当性不足、保护对象模糊、功能效果有限及手段过度等多重困境。应当转向依附性保护模式，从主观感知回归客观行动，从抽象对象回归具体法益，将主观构造的保护依附于国家安全、公共秩序与个人法益等既有实体法益体系。通过对具体社会行为与实体法益的关联分析，刑法得以在不扩张法益概念的前提下，有效回应信息传播所引发的主观层面问题，实现网络信息传播安全的妥当规制。

Abstract: The security of network information dissemination not only involves the objective truthfulness of the information content, but also concerns the subjective psychological state formed by the public based on the information. From the perspective of subjective construction, the public’s cognition, emotions and judgments regarding their own security status constitute an important dimension of the security of network information dissemination. When information dissemination deviates from norms, the absence of subjective construction elements will lead to the collapse of the trust system, the alienation of social mentality, the distortion of value judgment and the restriction of freedom of action, resulting in various deviant consequences. In response to these subjective influences, in practice, a path of protecting subjective security as an independent legal interest has been formed, presenting diverse practical forms such as emotional security interests, social mentality order, personality rights attributes and government credibility connotations. However, the independent protection path faces multiple dilemmas such as insufficient legal rationality, ambiguous protection objects, limited functional effects and excessive means. It is necessary to shift to an adhesion protection model, returning from subjective perception to objective action, from abstract objects to specific legal interests, and attaching the protection of subjective construction to existing substantive legal interest systems such as national security, public order and individual legal interests. Through the analysis of the correlation between specific social behaviors and substantive legal interests, criminal law can effectively respond to the subjective-level issues caused by information dissemination and achieve appropriate regulation of the security of network information dissemination.