生成式人工智能对老年人心理健康的影响及优化路径研究

Research on the Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on the Mental Health of the Elderly and Optimization Paths

摘要: 在生成式人工智能不断发展的背景下，其作为新兴技术在应对老年人心理健康问题方面展现出了巨大潜力的同时也伴随着挑战。本文系统探讨了生成式人工智能对老年人心理健康产生的双重影响：一方面，其通过低门槛接入与情感认知能力提升服务的可及性与个性化、通过即时互动缓解社会隔离与孤独感、通过个性化内容生成与推送延缓认知衰退与激活自我价值感，从而形成“服务可及–情感支撑–价值实现”的全链条心理健康支持体系。另一方面，其也存在着数字鸿沟与算法偏见加剧服务不平等、隐私泄露与数据滥用风险以及过度技术依赖导致现实联结弱化与主体性削弱等突出障碍与伦理困境。据此，本文从技术、规制与应用三个层面提出协同治理路径，主张通过“以人为本”的适老化设计、伦理规制框架的建立以及人机协同服务模式的构建，引导技术向善，进而为助力智慧养老与老年人的心理健康服务高质量发展提供借鉴。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of the continuous development of generative artificial intelligence, this emerging technology has demonstrated significant potential in addressing mental health issues among older adults, while also presenting challenges. This paper systematically explores the dual impact of generative AI on the mental health of older adults. On the one hand, it enhances the accessibility and personalization of services through low-barrier access and enhanced emotional-cognitive capabilities; alleviates social isolation and loneliness via real-time interaction; and delays cognitive decline while activating self-worth through personalized content generation and delivery. Together, these mechanisms form a full-chain mental health support system that integrates service accessibility, emotional support, and self-worth realization. On the other hand, it also faces prominent obstacles and ethical dilemmas, including the exacerbation of service inequality due to the digital divide and algorithmic bias, risks of privacy leakage and data abuse, and the weakening of real-world social connections and individual autonomy resulting from excessive technological dependence. Based on this, the paper proposes a collaborative governance approach from the perspectives of technology, regulation, and application, advocating for human-centered age-friendly design, the establishment of an ethical regulatory framework, and the development of a human-machine collaborative service model to steer technology toward socially beneficial outcomes, thereby providing a reference for promoting the high-quality development of smart elderly care and mental health services for older adults.