不同程度蓝网遮荫处理对春季茶叶品质的影响

The Effects of Different Degrees of Blue Net Shading on the Quality of Spring Tea

摘要: 茶树为喜光忌强光的叶用经济作物，强光易造成光抑制并影响茶叶品质，当前针对不同颜色遮阳网对春茶品质的精准调控研究尚不充分。为明确适宜湖南丘陵茶区的蓝色遮荫模式，以15年生白毫早茶树为材料，设置自然光对照、50%与80%遮光率蓝色遮阳网处理，测定遮荫0~21 d光合色素及茶氨酸、咖啡碱、茶多酚、儿茶素等品质指标。结果显示，蓝色遮阳网可显著促进叶绿素a与叶绿素b积累；提高茶氨酸含量，降低茶多酚与儿茶素总量，优化酚氨比；稳定维持咖啡碱含量，并改善儿茶素单体配比，提升茶叶鲜爽度与嫩度。综合表明，80%遮光率蓝色遮阳网调控效果最优，可通过光质与光强协同优化碳氮代谢，显著提升春茶品质，可为湖南丘陵茶区优质春茶生产提供技术依据。

Abstract: Tea plants are leafy economic crops that prefer light but are sensitive to strong light, which can cause photoinhibition and affect tea quality. Currently, research on the precise regulation of spring tea quality by different colored shading nets is insufficient. To determine the appropriate blue shading mode for the hilly tea areas in Hunan Province, 15-year-old Baihaozao tea trees were used as materials, and treatments with natural light control, 50% and 80% shading rates of blue shading nets were set up. The photosynthetic pigments and quality indicators such as theanine, caffeine, tea polyphenols, and catechins were measured from 0 to 21 days of shading. The results showed that blue shading nets could significantly promote the accumulation of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b; significantly increase the content of theanine, reduce the total content of tea polyphenols and catechins, and optimize the ratio of phenols to amino acids; stably maintain the content of caffeine, and improve the ratio of monomeric catechins, enhancing the freshness and tenderness of the tea. In conclusion, the 80% shading rate blue shading net had the best regulation effect, which could optimize carbon and nitrogen metabolism through the synergy of light quality and light intensity, significantly improving the quality of spring tea, and providing a technical basis for the production of high-quality spring tea in the hilly tea areas of Hunan Province.