转炉底吹非均匀供气技术研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospect of Non-Uniform Bottom Gas Supply Technology in Converters

摘要: 转炉底吹非均匀供气技术通过差异化调控底吹元件的流量分配或采用非对称布置方式，在熔池内构建非对称循环流场，显著强化熔池水平搅拌效能，缩短混匀时间，降低死区占比，改善冶金反应动力学条件。本文系统梳理了该技术的研究现状，从作用机理、物理与数值模拟、供气元件与布置优化、工业应用效果及与新兴工艺融合等方面进行综述。研究表明，合理的非均匀供气方案可使混匀时间缩短19%~29%，死区占比降低26%以上，终点碳氧积稳定控制在0.0022以下，并有效缓解底吹元件与炉衬寿命失配问题。结合绿色化、智能化发展趋势，展望了非均匀供气技术与高废钢比冶炼、底吹喷粉、智能化控制等方向的融合前景，为转炉底吹工艺的升级优化提供理论参考。

Abstract: Non-uniform bottom gas supply technology in converters enhances bath stirring efficiency by differentially regulating gas flow distribution among bottom-blowing elements or adopting asymmetric arrangement, thereby constructing non-uniform flow fields within the molten pool. This approach significantly improves horizontal mixing, shortens mixing time, reduces dead zone proportion, and optimizes metallurgical reaction kinetics. This paper systematically reviews the research status of this technology from the perspectives of mechanism, physical and numerical simulation, optimization of gas supply elements and layout, industrial application effects, and integration with emerging processes. Studies indicate that a reasonable non-uniform gas supply scheme can reduce mixing time by 19%~29%, decrease dead zone proportion by over 26%, and stabilize the end-point carbon-oxygen product below 0.0022, while effectively alleviating the service life mismatch between bottom-blowing elements and furnace lining. In line with green and intelligent development trends, the integration of non-uniform gas supply technology with high scrap ratio melting, bottom powder injection, and intelligent control is discussed, providing theoretical support for the optimization of converter bottom-blowing processes.