糖基化RNA的研究进展及与肿瘤疾病关系的 探讨

Research Progress on GlycoRNA and Its Relationship with Tumor Diseases

摘要: 糖基化是将聚糖结构通过酶促反应共价连接在生物分子上的过程，在分子及细胞层面，糖基化是一种重要的后翻译修饰，介导细胞识别及信号传导；在生物个体层面，糖基化参与调节多种生理病理过程，发挥多种生物学效应。糖基化蛋白及糖脂的研究已历时多年，推动糖生物学、糖组学及生物正交化学的发展。基于这些研究基础，最新突破性研究表明，糖基化修饰同样存在于RNA分子上，这种新发现的糖基化RNA拓展了我们对RNA转录后修饰的认知框架。在既往的研究中，糖基化参与调节肿瘤细胞的迁徙、侵袭过程及其引发的免疫效应，如抗原识别、免疫细胞募集、细胞间通讯等，糖基化RNA的发现为这些生物学过程提供了全新的见解。这一重大发现是细胞学和遗传学的全新领域，并可为肿瘤的诊疗提供新的理论依据和治疗靶点。糖基化RNA的研究内容、研究方法及相关组学正加速发展中。

Abstract: Glycosylation is a process wherein glycan structures are covalently attached to biomolecules through enzymatic reactions. At the molecular and cellular levels, glycosylation serves as a critical post-translational modification, mediating cell recognition and signal transduction. At the organismal level, it regulates diverse physiological and pathological processes, exerting multifaceted biological effects. The study of glycoproteins and glycolipids has spanned decades, driving advancements in glycobiology, glycomics, and bioorthogonal chemistry. Building upon this foundational research, groundbreaking studies have recently revealed that glycosylation modifications also occur on RNA molecules. This newly discovered glycoRNA expands our understanding of post-transcriptional RNA modifications. Previous research established that glycosylation regulates tumor cell migration, invasion, and associated immune responses including antigen recognition, immune cell recruitment and intercellular communication. The discovery of glycoRNA provides novel insights into these biological processes, and represents an emerging frontier in cell biology and genetics, offering new theoretical frameworks and therapeutic targets for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Research on glycoRNA—including its mechanisms, methodologies, and related omics technologies is rapidly advancing.