从增权到行动：遗产地居民地方感、生计资本的作用

From Empowerment to Action: The Role of Sense of Place and Livelihood Capital among Heritage Site Residents

摘要: 社区参与是遗产地可持续治理的核心，然而“增权–行动”链条的断裂成为现实困境，揭示增权有效激发居民遗产地责任行为路径具有重要意义。研究以世界灌溉工程遗产佛山桑园围为案例地，基于层次回归分析法与模糊集定性比较分析方法对296份有效问卷进行分析，探讨生计资本、地方感共同作用下社区增权对居民遗产地责任行为的影响机理。结果表明：(1) 社区增权对居民遗产地责任行为有显著直接影响，除社会与民主管理增权负向影响生态与遗产地保护行为其它均为正向影响；(2) 地方感在社区增权和遗产地责任行为之间具有显著中介效应；(3) 生计资本对社区增权和地方感之间关系无显著调节作用；(4) 经济与心理增权是两类责任行为的共同基础，地方感对两类责任行为均有重要驱动作用，多数路径依赖两个及以上核心条件的组合方实现高水平遗产地责任行为。研究不仅在理论上丰富了社区增权与居民行为关系的机制认知，亦在方法上综合了定量与组态研究，以期为遗产地治理提供筑牢“增权–行动”链条理论依据与实践启示。

Abstract: Community participation is pivotal to the sustainable governance of heritage sites. However, the frequent disconnection within the empowerment-action chain presents a significant practical dilemma. Consequently, elucidating the pathways through which empowerment effectively stimulates residents’ responsible behavior in heritage sites is of great theoretical and practical importance. Taking Sangyuanwei in Foshan, a World Heritage Irrigation Structure, as the case study, this research analyzes 296 valid questionnaires to explore the complex mechanisms linking community empowerment to residents’ responsible behavior. The study adopts a mixed-method approach, integrating Hierarchical Regression Analysis and Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis to examine the joint effects of livelihood capital and sense of place. The empirical results indicate that community empowerment exerts a significant direct influence on responsible behavior. Specifically, while most dimensions of empowerment have a positive impact, social and democratic management empowerment were found to negatively affect ecological and heritage protection behaviors. Furthermore, sense of place plays a significant mediating role in the relationship between community empowerment and responsible behavior, whereas livelihood capital does not show a significant moderating effect on the relationship between community empowerment and sense of place. The results from the qualitative comparative analysis reveal that economic and psychological empowerment serve as the common foundation for different types of responsible behaviors, with sense of place acting as a critical driver. Moreover, achieving high levels of responsible behavior is not dependent on a single factor but relies on configurational paths involving combinations of two or more core conditions. Theoretically, this study enriches the understanding of the mechanism between community empowerment and resident behavior. Methodologically, it demonstrates the value of combining quantitative regression with configurational analysis. Ultimately, these findings provide a solid theoretical basis and practical implications for heritage site managers to strengthen the empowerment-action chain and foster sustainable heritage governance.