韧性城市视角下综合管廊防灾减灾设计优化

Optimization of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Design for Utility Tunnel from the Perspective of Resilient City

摘要: 随着城市化进程加速和极端气候事件频发，提高城市基础设施的防灾减灾能力就成了关键议题。综合管廊作为城市生命线工程的核心载体，传统设计在应对突发灾害的时候，其适应性存在不足，恢复力较薄弱，很难契合韧性城市建设的要求。本研究基于韧性城市视角，将关注点放在综合管廊防灾减灾设计优化，弥补现有的设计在应对系统性风险以及快速进行恢复功能上的缺陷。本研究通过案例比较和多专业协同的方法，重点从建筑以及结构专业来开展论述。在建筑专业方面，优化管廊舱室布局、逃生救援通道以及通风排烟系统，提高内部空间安全冗余和应急疏散效率；在结构专业方面，改进抗震设防标准，引入高性能材料以及可恢复性结构设计，极大程度上提升了管廊主体结构在灾害中的承载、变形以及灾后功能的恢复能力。研究发现，通过开展建筑以及结构专业方面的针对性优化工作，能够构建一个更具备韧性、抗扰、适应以及快速恢复能力的综合管廊系统。本研究为综合管廊工程设计提供了具体的韧性提升策略以及实践参考，对于保障城市生命线系统安全、推动韧性城市基础设施建设有着重要的理论以及现实意义。

Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization and the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events, improving the disaster prevention and mitigation capacity of urban infrastructure has become a key issue. As the core carrier of urban lifeline projects, utility tunnels are insufficient in adaptability and weak in resilience when responding to sudden disasters in traditional design, which can hardly meet the requirements of resilient city construction. Based on the perspective of resilient city, this study focuses on the optimization of disaster prevention and mitigation design for utility tunnels to make up for the defects of existing designs in coping with systemic risks and rapid functional recovery. Through case comparison and multi-disciplinary collaboration, this paper mainly discusses from the architectural and structural specialties. In terms of architectural specialty, the layout of utility tunnel compartments, escape and rescue passages, and ventilation and smoke exhaust systems are optimized to improve the safety redundancy of internal space and the efficiency of emergency evacuation. In terms of structural specialty, the seismic fortification criteria are improved, and high-performance materials and recoverable structural design are introduced, which greatly enhance the bearing capacity, deformation resistance of the main structure of the utility tunnel under disasters and its functional recovery capacity after disasters. The study finds that targeted optimization in architectural and structural specialties can construct a utility tunnel system with stronger resilience, disturbance resistance, adaptability and rapid recovery capacity. This study provides specific resilience improvement strategies and practical references for the engineering design of utility tunnels, and has important theoretical and practical significance for ensuring the safety of urban lifeline systems and promoting the construction of resilient urban infrastructure.