粘滞阻尼器在框架结构减震控制中的性能分析

Performance Analysis of Viscous Dampers in Seismic Control of Frame Structures

摘要: 为提升钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能，解决其抗侧刚度弱、阻尼比低、耗能能力不足的问题，本文以某6层办公建筑框架结构(8度抗震设防区，设计基本地震加速度0.20 g，固有周期1.2 s，阻尼比0.04)为研究对象，系统探讨粘滞阻尼器的工作机理与框架结构抗震特性，构建框架–粘滞阻尼器有限元模型，通过地震动输入开展减震性能精细化分析，并结合实际工程案例验证应用效果。研究表明，设置粘滞阻尼器后，结构综合阻尼比可提升至0.10~0.20，动力放大系数降低30%~50%，多遇、设防、罕遇地震工况下层间位移最大减震率分别可达28.6%、35.2%、41.3%，阻尼器总耗能随地震烈度增大而显著提升，罕遇地震下总耗能达1286.5 kN·m；工程实例验证显示，阻尼器可使结构层间位移角最大减小37.8%，梁端弯矩最大降低32.5%，有效保护主体结构免受塑性损伤。研究结果可为粘滞阻尼器在多层框架结构减震控制中的工程应用提供理论依据与数据支撑。

Abstract: To improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete frame structures and address their problems of weak lateral stiffness, low damping ratio, and insufficient energy dissipation capacity, this paper takes a six-story office building frame structure (seismic fortification zone of 8 degrees, design basic seismic acceleration of 0.20 g, natural period of 1.2 s, damping ratio of 0.04) as the research object. The working mechanism of viscous dampers and the seismic characteristics of frame structures are systematically explored. A finite element model of frame-viscous damper is constructed, and a refined analysis of seismic performance is carried out through seismic motion input. The application effect is verified by combining actual engineering cases. Studies have shown that after installing viscous dampers, the overall damping ratio of the structure can be increased to 0.10~0.20, and the dynamic amplification factor can be reduced by 30%~50%. Under frequent, fortified, and rare earthquake conditions, the maximum reduction rate of inter-story displacement can reach 28.6%, 35.2%, and 41.3%, respectively. The total energy dissipation of the dampers increases significantly with increasing earthquake intensity, reaching 1286.5 kN·m under rare earthquake conditions. Engineering case studies verify that the dampers can reduce the inter-story drift angle by a maximum of 37.8% and the beam end bending moment by a maximum of 32.5%, effectively protecting the main structure from plastic damage. The research results provide theoretical basis and data support for the engineering application of viscous dampers in the seismic control of multi-story frame structures.