湖南常德临澧方言连读变调的社会语音学研究

A Sociophonetic Study of Tone Sandhi in Linli Dialect of Changde, Hunan Province

摘要: 国内学界关于连读变调的研究，长期以普通话为核心对象，方言连读变调的系统性考察仍较为薄弱。本文以湖南常德临澧方言为研究个案，基于社会语音学研究范式，选取8名不同年龄层级的本土母语者为发音合作人，通过田野调查采集语音语料，采用人工听辨与Praat语音实验相结合的方法，系统描写临澧方言单字调系统及双字组连读变调规则。研究表明，临澧方言单字调分为阴平、阳平、上声、阴去、阳去五类；双字组连读变调具有显著的节律控制特征。不同年龄群体在变调类型与变调幅度上存在明显分化：青年群体受普通话渗透影响显著，变调模式更趋节律控制型；老年群体则保留了更为丰富的传统变调特征。本研究可为汉语方言连读变调类型学研究及语言接触视域下的声调演变分析提供实证支撑。

Abstract: Studies on tone sandhi in domestic academic circles have long focused on Mandarin Chinese, while systematic investigations into tone sandhi in dialects remain relatively insufficient. Taking Linli Dialect of Changde, Hunan Province as a case study, this paper, grounded in the sociophonetic research paradigm, selects 8 native speakers at different age levels as informants. Phonetic data are collected through field investigations, and a combination of manual auditory analysis and Praat acoustic experiments is adopted to systematically describe the citation tone system and disyllabic tone sandhi rules of Linli Dialect. The results show that Linli Dialect has five citation tones: Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng, Yinqu and Yangqu; its disyllabic tone sandhi is characterized by prominent rhythmic control. Significant differences exist in tone sandhi patterns and ranges among different age groups: the young group is significantly influenced by the penetration of Mandarin, with a more rhythm-controlled tone sandhi pattern, while the elderly group retains richer traditional tone sandhi features. This study can provide empirical support for typological research on tone sandhi in Chinese dialects and the analysis of tone evolution from the perspective of language contact.