中草药及其活性成分对高糖饮食诱导果蝇模型的糖脂代谢调节作用与寿命影响研究综述

A Review on the Regulatory Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Its Active Components on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and the Impact on Lifespan in a Fruit Fly Model Induced by High-Sugar Diet

摘要: 随着全球饮食结构的变迁，高糖饮食已成为诱发代谢性疾病的关键因素。果蝇作为经典模式生物，其胰岛素信号通路与人类高度保守，为研究代谢疾病提供了理想平台。本综述系统分析了近二十年来中草药及其活性成分对高糖饮食诱导果蝇模型的调节作用。研究表明，多种中草药通过激活胰岛素信号通路、增强抗氧化能力、调节肠道菌群等多重机制，有效改善高糖诱导的糖脂代谢紊乱并延长寿命。其中，桑叶多糖、三清降糖方、马齿苋水提物等显示出显著的降血糖和调血脂效果，部分作用优于阳性对照药二甲双胍。中草药的“多靶点、低毒副作用”特性为代谢疾病的防治提供了新策略。然而，目前研究在活性成分鉴定、长期安全性评估等方面仍存在不足。未来需通过多组学技术深入解析作用机制，推动中草药在代谢疾病防治中的临床转化应用。

Abstract: With the global shift in dietary patterns, high-sugar diets have emerged as a key factor in inducing metabolic diseases. Drosophila melanogaster, as a classic model organism, possesses a highly conserved insulin signaling pathway with humans, providing an ideal platform for studying metabolic diseases. This review systematically analyzes the regulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicines and their active ingredients on high-sugar diet-induced Drosophila melanogaster models over the past two decades. Studies have shown that various Chinese herbal medicines effectively improve high-sugar-induced glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and prolong lifespan through multiple mechanisms such as activating the insulin signaling pathway, enhancing antioxidant capacity, and regulating gut microbiota. Among them, mulberry leaf polysaccharides, Sanqing Jiangtang Formula, and purslane aqueous extract exhibit significant hypoglycemic and lipid-regulating effects, with some effects superior to the positive control drug metformin. The “multi-target, low toxicity, and side effect” characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. However, current research still has deficiencies in active ingredient identification and long-term safety evaluation. In the future, it is necessary to deeply analyze the mechanism of action through multi-omics technologies to promote the clinical translational application of Chinese herbal medicines in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.