湖泊与水库原生动物多样性与纬度、海拔的关系分析

Analysis of the Relationship between Protozoan Diversity in Lakes and Reservoirs and Latitude and Altitude

摘要: 原生动物是水生态系统里的微型真核生物，它对环境的改变十分敏感，是水生态健康的关键指示物。本文以中国的308个水体(其中有132个湖泊以及176座水库)为依据，这些水体包含同一水体不同时间段的数据，进而解析原生动物多样性与地理因子(如纬度以及海拔)之间的关联。借助ArcMap获取水体的经纬度以及海拔相关信息，运用GetData软件提取文献里的物种丰富度数据并开展标准化操作，同时运用Python进行一元线性回归和散点图的分析。结果表明，原生动物的种数会伴随纬度以及海拔的逐渐升高而大致呈下降态势，其中湖泊方面的下降幅度比水库的更高。湖泊中的原生动物群落结构呈现相对均衡的状态，且优势类群具有较为多样的特点；水库因处于静水环境并受人工调控作用，其物种数量相对保持稳定。低纬度且低海拔的水体里，原生动物的丰富度处于较高水平，同时，水库在一定程度上减轻了高纬度与高海拔对多样性存在的相关性方面的影响。研究显示，纬度以及海拔可能与水温，溶解氧，营养盐水平和原生动物群落结构存在关联，且湖泊与水库在多样性格局方面有明显差异。本文为在不同水体类型中依循地理梯度开展的生物多样性保护及管理事宜提供具有科学性的依据。

Abstract: Protozoans that are microeukaryotic organisms in the water ecosystem and are quite sensitive to environmental changes can be regarded as important indicators of the water ecological health. Based on the data of 308 water bodies in China including 132 lakes 176 reservoirs and data of the same water body at different time periods this paper analyzes the relationship between protozoan diversity and geographical factors namely latitude and altitude. The longitude latitude and altitude information of water bodies is obtained by using ArcMap the species richness data in the literature is extracted by using the GetData software and then standardized and then the simple linear regression and scatter plot analysis are carried out by using Python. As a result the quantity of species of protozoa generally presents a downward trend as latitude and altitude increase and the decrease range in lakes is greater than that in reservoirs. The community structure of protozoa in lakes is relatively balanced and the dominant groups are quite diverse; the quantity of species in reservoirs is relatively stable because of the influence of the static water environment and artificial regulation. The richness of protozoa in water bodies at low latitudes and low altitudes is relatively high and reservoirs to some extent alleviate the relevant impact of high latitudes and high altitudes on diversity. It has been found that latitudes, altitudes and the like as well as water temperature, dissolved oxygen and nutrient levels may have a connection with the structure of protozoan communities. Lakes and reservoirs have very distinct differences in terms of diversity patterns. This article offers a scientific basis for the conservation and management of biodiversity along geographical gradients for different water body types.