湘江流域基流分割方法适宜性评价
Evaluation of Suitability of Baseflow Separation Method in the Xiangjiang River Basin
DOI: 10.12677/ag.2026.164042, PDF,   
作者: 谢 铮：湖南师范大学地理科学学院，湖南 长沙
关键词: 基流分割；湘江流域；适宜性评价；Baseflow Separation； Xiangjiang River Basin； Suitability Evaluation
摘要: 基流是指来源于地下水或者与地下水相连的延迟水源，探究流域适宜的基流分割方法，对流域研究基流变化特征及其驱动力等方面具有重要意义，为流域水安全和社会经济发展等方面提供支持。本研究利用12种基流分割方法对湘江流域地区上、中、下游3条支流流域6个水文站点的逐日径流数据进行基流分割计算，通过比对不同基流分割方法在基流过程线、基流指数稳健性以及有效性反应，探讨典型流域地区适宜的基流分割方法。结果表明：(1) 基于数字滤波法分割的基流值绘制的基流过程线表现更加平滑，滞后于径流的变化。(2) 数字滤波法计算得到的基流指数稳定性好，符合流域产汇流特征。(3) 有效性指数Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE)和Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE)数字滤波法显著高于其它方式，Boughton方法分割的效果最佳，得到的NSE和KGE最高，可达0.93和0.9，为湘江典型流域地区较为适宜的基流分割方法。
Abstract: Baseflow refers to the delayed water source from or connected to groundwater, and exploring the appropriate baseflow segmentation method in the basin is of great significance for the study of the characteristics of baseflow change and its driving force in the basin, and providing support for water security and social and economic development in the basin. In this study, 12 baseflow segmentation methods were used to calculate the daily runoff data of six hydrological stations in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Xiangjiang River Basin. The results show that: (1) The base flow process line drawn based on the base flow value segmented by digital filtering method is smoother and lags behind the change of runoff. (2) The baseflow index calculated by the digital filtering method has good stability, which is in line with the characteristics of basin production and confluence. (3) The effectiveness index of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) digital filtering methods was significantly higher than that of other methods, and the Boughton method had the best segmentation effect, and the NSE and KGE obtained were the highest, reaching 0.93 and 0.9, which were more suitable baseflow segmentation methods in typical Xiangjiang basin areas.
文章引用：谢铮. 湘江流域基流分割方法适宜性评价[J]. 地球科学前沿, 2026, 16(4): 473-485. https://doi.org/10.12677/ag.2026.164042

参考文献

[1] 宋小园. 气候变化和人类活动影响下锡林河流域水文过程响应研究[D]: [博士学位论文]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2016.
[2] 吴珍妮. 黄土区基流分割适宜性方法及基流特征分析[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 咸阳: 西北农林科技大学, 2019.
[3] Fan, Y., Li, H. and Miguez-Macho, G. (2013) Global Patterns of Groundwater Table Depth. Science, 339, 940-943. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[4] 徐宗学, 武玮, 于松延. 生态基流研究: 进展与挑战[J]. 水力发电学报, 2016, 35(4): 1-11.
[5] 黄国如. 流量过程线的自动分割方法探讨[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2007(1): 73-78.
[6] Zeng, X., Liu, Y., You, S., Zeng, G., Tan, X., Hu, X., et al. (2015) Spatial Distribution, Health Risk Assessment and Statistical Source Identification of the Trace Elements in Surface Water from the Xiangjiang River, China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22, 9400-9412. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Guo, W., Wang, G., Hong, F., Huang, L., Bai, X., Wang, B., et al. (2025) Evaluation of River Ecological Flow Based on Baseflow Separation in Xiangjiang River, China. Journal of Water and Climate Change, 16, 1529-1550. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[8] Wu, Y., Liu, S., Yan, W., Xia, J., Xiang, W., Wang, K., et al. (2015) Climate Change and Consequences on the Water Cycle in the Humid Xiangjiang River Basin, China. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 30, 225-235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] 李伯华, 李珍, 刘沛林, 等. 湘江流域传统村落景观基因变异及其分异规律[J]. 自然资源学报, 2022, 37(2): 362-377.
[10] Hu, C., Zhao, D. and Jian, S. (2020) Baseflow Estimation in Typical Catchments in the Yellow River Basin, China. Water Supply, 21, 648-667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] Aksoy, H., Kurt, I. and Eris, E. (2009) Filtered Smoothed Minima Baseflow Separation Method. Journal of Hydrology, 372, 94-101. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[12] Nathan, R.J. and McMahon, T.A. (1990) Evaluation of Automated Techniques for Base Flow and Recession Analyses. Water Resources Research, 26, 1465-1473. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[13] Chapman, T. (1999) A Comparison of Algorithms for Stream Flow Recession and Baseflow Separation. Hydrological Processes, 13, 701-714. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[14] Chapman, T.G. and Maxwell, A.I. (1996) Baseflow Separation—Comparison of Numerical Methods with Tracer Experiments. In: Frankenberg, J., Ed., Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium 1996: Water and the Environment; Preprints of Papers, Institution of Engineers, 539-545.
[15] Boughton, W. (2004) The Australian Water Balance Model. Environmental Modelling & Software, 19, 943-956. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Furey, P.R. and Gupta, V.K. (2001) A Physically Based Filter for Separating Base Flow from Streamflow Time Series. Water Resources Research, 37, 2709-2722. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Eckhardt, K. (2004) How to Construct Recursive Digital Filters for Baseflow Separation. Hydrological Processes, 19, 507-515. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[18] Tularam, G.A. and Ilahee, M. (2008) Exponential Smoothing Method of Base Flow Separation and Its Impact on Continuous Loss Estimates. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4, 136-144. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[19] Willems, P. (2009) A Time Series Tool to Support the Multi-Criteria Performance Evaluation of Rainfall-Runoff Models. Environmental Modelling & Software, 24, 311-321. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Brutsaert, W. (2008) Long‐Term Groundwater Storage Trends Estimated from Streamflow Records: Climatic Perspective. Water Resources Research, 44, W02409. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[21] Rammal, M., Archambeau, P., Erpicum, S., Orban, P., Brouyère, S., Pirotton, M., et al. (2018) Technical Note: An Operational Implementation of Recursive Digital Filter for Base Flow Separation. Water Resources Research, 54, 8528-8540. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[22] Xie, J., Liu, X., Wang, K., Yang, T., Liang, K. and Liu, C. (2020) Evaluation of Typical Methods for Baseflow Separation in the Contiguous United States. Journal of Hydrology, 583, Article ID: 124628. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]