从“隔帘观影”到“沉浸互动”：非遗皮影戏的当代传播生态与活态传承策略

From “Viewing through a Curtain” to “Immersive Interaction”: The Transmission Ecology and Adaptive Strategies of Shadow Puppetry as Intangible Cultural Heritage

摘要: 聚焦于皮影戏这一古老传统艺术在当代社会的生存现状、面临的挑战及其未来发展路径。通过综合运用实地考察、传承人深度访谈、影视文献资料分析以及覆盖全国范围的1418份问卷调查等多种研究方法，系统梳理并剖析了皮影戏在核心传承、艺术创新与有效传播三大环节存在的关键问题。研究明确揭示，皮影戏当前主要困境集中于：传承人才严重断层、艺术内容与表现形式与时代脱节导致创新不足、以及现代传播能力薄弱致使影响力式微。针对这些问题，充分借鉴国内外非物质文化遗产保护与活化的成功实践经验，提出构建“线上宣传 + 线下展览 + 文创开发”三位一体的整合性展示与教育模式。同时，报告积极探索“非遗 + 科技”的深度融合路径，强调通过将皮影戏的精髓与现代数字媒体技术、流行文化元素及文化产业进行创造性结合，旨在为其注入全新的时代活力与吸引力，最终探索并实践一条能够使传统艺术与现代文化消费市场有效对接、良性互动的可持续发展之路。

Abstract: This research examines the current state of shadow puppetry—a traditional art form with deep historical roots—in contemporary society, with a focus on the challenges it faces and its potential pathways for future development. Employing a multi-method approach that includes field observations, in-depth interviews with practitioners, analysis of audiovisual archival materials, and a nationwide questionnaire survey comprising 1,418 responses, the study systematically identifies and analyzes critical issues confronting shadow puppetry in three interconnected domains: the transmission of core heritage, the capacity for artistic innovation, and the effectiveness of public communication. The findings reveal that the primary challenges center on three key areas: a severe shortage of qualified inheritors, a disconnect between traditional content and contemporary audiences resulting from limited artistic innovation, and weakened communication channels that have diminished the art form’s public visibility and cultural influence. Drawing on successful domestic and international practices in intangible cultural heritage safeguarding and revitalization, this report proposes the development of an integrated model for exhibition and education that combines online outreach, offline exhibitions, and cultural and creative product development. In addition, it explores pathways for integrating intangible cultural heritage with technology, emphasizing the creative fusion of shadow puppetry’s core aesthetic values with digital media, popular culture, and the cultural industries. Such integration seeks to infuse the art form with renewed vitality and relevance, ultimately advancing a sustainable development model that bridges traditional artistry with contemporary cultural consumption.