空间正义视角下“一老一小”社区服务的共生困境与突破路径

The Symbiotic Dilemma and Breakthrough Path of Community Services for “The Elderly and Children” from the Perspective of Spatial Justice

摘要: 人口老龄化与少子化趋势的叠加，使“一老一小”问题成为我国社区治理的重要议题。社区作为老年人与儿童日常活动的主要空间，其资源配置、使用权利与治理参与状况直接关系到这两类群体的权益保障。本研究以空间正义理论为分析框架，从资源配置、使用权利和治理参与三个维度探讨“一老一小”社区服务的现实困境。研究发现，当前社区服务存在资源配置的“空间折叠”、使用权利的“代际冲突”和治理参与的“边缘化”三重困境，其成因可归结为技术赋能的局限、制度设计的碎片化以及多元主体协同的缺失。破解上述困境，需要在空间层面，通过制定资源分配标准、推行一体化设计、优化布局与服务时间，建设代际共享空间；在参与层面，通过搭建分层平台、建立反馈机制、组建监督小组，完善包容性参与机制；在治理层面，通过健全跨部门协同、激发多元主体活力、强化社区自治、构建服务链协同，形成多元共治体系。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of overlapping population aging and low fertility rates, the protection of rights and interests of the “elderly and children” group in community spatial resource allocation has become increasingly prominent. As vulnerable groups, they have an urgent need for community public services and spatial resources, but their rights and interests are often ignored in actual allocation, affecting their quality of life and bringing challenges to community governance. Taking spatial justice theory as the analytical framework, this study explores the dilemmas and causes of community services for “elderly and children” in three dimensions: resource allocation, usage rights, and governance participation. Spatial justice theory, which emphasizes fair resource distribution, equal spatial access and universal governance participation, provides a scientific theoretical basis for this research. The study finds three key dilemmas: “spatial folding” in resource allocation (uneven distribution and single function of spaces), “intergenerational conflict” in usage rights (conflicting demands without effective coordination), and “marginalization” in governance participation (rare involvement of the two groups in decision-making). These dilemmas result from limited technological empowerment, fragmented institutional design, and lack of collaboration among multiple subjects. To solve these problems, systematic measures should be taken in three aspects: spatial restructuring to build “intergenerational shared spaces”, rights restoration to ensure equal usage rights and resolve conflicts, and governance coordination to improve “inclusive participation mechanisms” and establish a “multiple co-governance system”, thus protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the “elderly and children” group.