马克思主义人学视域下老年人精神文化需求的满足机制研究

Research on the Mechanism of Meeting the Spiritual and Cultural Needs of the Elderly from the Perspective of Marxist Anthropology

摘要: 人口老龄化背景下，我国养老事业核心已从物质保障转向老年人精神文化需求的回应。本文以马克思主义人学为理论支撑，基于人的需要、本质及自由全面发展理论，解析老年人精神文化需求的理论内涵，明确其五大构成维度与三层级特征，剖析当前需求满足中存在的精神资源供给失衡、社会支持弱化、老年人主体性被遮蔽等现实困境。从观念重塑、制度保障、社会支持、个体赋能四维度构建老年人精神文化需求满足机制，以期激活老年人主体能动性，推动养老从“消极养老”向“积极发展”转型，为积极应对人口老龄化提供理论与实践参考。

Abstract: Under the background of aging population, the core of China’s old-age care has shifted from material security to the response to the spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly. Based on the Marxist theory of human studies and the theory of human needs, essence and free and all-round development, this paper analyzes the theoretical connotation of the spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly, clarifies its five dimensions and three-level characteristics, and analyzes the practical difficulties existing in the current demand satisfaction, such as the imbalance of spiritual resources supply, the weakening of social support and the shielding of the subjectivity of the elderly. The mechanism of meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly is constructed from four dimensions: concept remolding, system guarantee, social support and individual empowerment, with a view to activating the initiative of the elderly, promoting the transformation of old-age care from “passive old-age care” to “positive development” and providing theoretical and practical reference for actively coping with the aging population.