论恩格斯的国家观：以《反杜林论》为中心

Engels’s View of the State: A Study Centered on “Anti-Dühring”

摘要: 本文以恩格斯的重要著作《反杜林论》为文本中心，系统探析了恩格斯的国家观思想体系。通过文本解读和理论分析，论文剖析了恩格斯对杜林先验论国家观的批判，阐述了国家起源、本质、职能及发展趋势的核心观点，揭示了恩格斯国家观对马克思主义国家理论的重大贡献。研究表明，恩格斯在《反杜林论》中深刻论证了国家的阶级属性和历史暂时性，在与杜林的论战中，系统阐述了特定历史条件下新型国家形态建立的必然性，并探讨了国家权力走向消亡的基本条件，对当代国家治理现代化提供了重要理论指导。

Abstract: This paper takes Engels’s important work “Anti-Dühring” as its central text and systematically explores Engels’s theoretical system of the state. Through textual interpretation and theoretical analysis, the paper examines Engels’s critique of Dühring’s a priori view of the state, expounds the core ideas concerning the origin, essence, functions, and developmental trends of the state, and reveals the significant contributions of Engels’s view of the state to Marxist state theory. The study shows that in “Anti-Dühring”, Engels profoundly demonstrates the class nature and historical transience of the state, systematically elaborates, in his polemic with Dühring, the inevitability of the establishment of a new form of state under specific historical conditions, and explores the basic conditions for the eventual transformation of state power. This provides important theoretical guidance for the modernization of contemporary state governance.