恩格斯对杜林道德论的历史阶级批判逻辑及其当代启示

Engels’ Historical Class Critique Logic of Durkheim’s Moral Theory and Its Contemporary Implications

摘要: 恩格斯在《反杜林论》中通过对杜林“永恒道德”论的批判，深刻阐明了道德作为社会意识形态的历史性与阶级性本质，确立了马克思主义科学道德观。文章梳理了恩格斯运用唯物史观还原道德经济根源的逻辑理路，揭示了道德发展的辩证规律。在此基础上，结合新时代道德建设实践，探讨了该理论对批判西方“普世价值”虚伪性、坚定社会主义核心价值观自信以及构建人类命运共同体的当代启示。

Abstract: Engels, through his criticism of Durkheim’s theory of “eternal morality” in Herr Eugen Dühring’s Revolution in Science, profoundly expounded the historical and class nature of morality as a social ideology, and established the Marxist scientific moral view. The article outlines Engels’ logical path of using historical materialism to restore the roots of moral economy and reveals the dialectical laws of moral development. On this basis, combined with the practice of moral construction in the new era, this theory explores its contemporary implications for criticizing the hypocrisy of Western “universal values”, strengthening confidence in socialist core values, and building a community with a shared future for mankind.