从千校一面到分类发展：高校分类评价制度改革的逻辑与挑战

From All Schools Looking the Same to Categorized Development: The Logic and Challenges of Reforming the Categorized Evaluation System for Higher Education Institutions

摘要: 随着我国高等教育由精英化向普及化迈进，高校数量的急剧增长和高校规模的持续扩张，导致“千校一面”的问题日益凸显。通过分析高校分类评价制度改革的背景，本文阐述其从同质化走向差异化的逻辑转变，进而深入剖析改革过程中分类标准体系尚不完善、传统观念束缚和政策执行碎片化的问题，并提出针对性的应对策略。其旨在为推动高校分类评价制度的有效改革，促进高校特色化、多样化发展，提升高等教育整体质量提供理论支持与实践指导。

Abstract: As China’s higher education system transitions from an elite-oriented to a mass-oriented model, the rapid increase in the number of universities and the continuous expansion of their scale have led to the growing problem of “all universities looking the same”. By analyzing the background of the university classification and evaluation system reform, this paper elucidates the logical shift from homogenization to differentiation. It examines issues that arose during the reform process—such as imperfect classification standards, constraints imposed by traditional mindsets, and fragmented policy implementation—and proposes targeted strategies to address them. It aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for effectively reforming the classification evaluation system for higher education institutions, promoting their distinctive and diverse development, and enhancing the overall quality of higher education.