现代汉语同义词、近义词词典研究综述

A Review of Studies on Dictionaries of Synonyms and Near-Synonyms in Modern Chinese

摘要: 现代汉语同义词、近义词词典研究长期分散于词典学、词汇语义学、对外汉语教学与计算语言学等不同研究传统之中，相关成果较为丰富，但针对该类辞书核心编纂问题的系统综述仍较欠缺。本文以20世纪80年代以来较有影响的现代汉语同义词、近义词词典及相关研究文献为对象，从概念界定、宏观结构、微观释义、教学适用性与数字化发展等方面梳理该领域的主要研究进展。已有研究大体呈现出由编纂原则与辞书评介，转向微观辨析机制分析，继而延伸至语料库支持与数字化应用的演进趋势。总体来看，学界已围绕同义与近义界定、收词与编组、词性处理、释义标示、例证配置、教学适用性、语料支持与数字化应用等问题形成较为稳定的讨论框架，但仍存在概念边界不清、评价标准分散、跨词典比较不足以及用户研究薄弱等问题。未来研究宜在统一评价框架、强化语料驱动编纂、推进用户行为研究以及完善数字化知识组织等方面进一步深化。

Abstract: Research on dictionaries of synonyms and near-synonyms in Modern Chinese has been conducted across such fields as lexicography, lexical semantics, teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and computational linguistics. Although relevant scholarship is substantial, systematic reviews focusing on the core issues of compiling such dictionaries remain limited. Based on influential dictionaries and related studies since the 1980s, this paper reviews major developments in terms of conceptualization, macrostructure, micro-level semantic differentiation, pedagogical applicability, and digital development. Existing research shows a shift from compilation principles and dictionary evaluation to semantic analysis, corpus-based compilation, and digital application. A relatively stable framework has emerged around issues such as synonymy and near-synonymy, headword selection, part-of-speech treatment, definition, illustrative examples, pedagogical use, corpus support, and digital application. However, problems remain, including unclear conceptual boundaries, fragmented evaluative criteria, insufficient cross-dictionary comparison, and limited user-oriented research. Future studies should further strengthen unified evaluation, corpus-driven compilation, user studies, and the digital organization of lexicographic knowledge.