未成年人犯罪案件中双向保护原则的适用失衡与矫正路径

The Application of the Two-Way Protection Principle in Juvenile Crime Cases and the Correction Path

摘要: 双向保护原则旨在平衡涉罪未成年人的教育挽救与被害未成年人的权益保障，是我国未成年人司法的重要基石。然而，当前司法实践深陷“福利”与“惩罚”的二元对立思维，导致其保护失衡，缺乏精细化的程序规则以实现动态平衡。本研究以比例原则为分析工具，旨在通过构建核准追诉的审查标准、嵌入恢复性司法程序及建立双向评估机制，探索双向保护的具体实现路径。其意义在于将抽象的政策原则转化为可操作的司法技术，从而在个案中实现未成年人利益与社会公共利益的最大公约数。

Abstract: The principle of dual protection seeks to balance the rehabilitation of juvenile offenders with the safeguarding of victimized minors’ rights, serving as a cornerstone of China’s juvenile justice system. However, current judicial practices are trapped in a binary opposition between “welfare” and “punishment”, resulting in imbalanced protection and a lack of refined procedural rules to achieve dynamic equilibrium. This study employs the proportionality principle as an analytical tool, aiming to explore concrete implementation pathways for dual protection through establishing review standards for prosecutorial approval, embedding restorative justice procedures, and creating a dual assessment mechanism. The significance lies in transforming abstract policy principles into actionable judicial techniques, thereby maximizing the common ground between minors’ interests and public welfare in individual cases.