乡土文化对农村互助养老模式认同度的影响及破解路径

The Influence of Local Culture on the Acceptance of Rural Mutual Aid Pension Model and Its Solutions

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续加重的背景下，新型互助养老模式成为破解农村家庭照护功能不足的重要方式之一。乡土文化作为乡村社会的精神支柱，影响着老年人对该模式的接纳。本文基于乡土文化理论、社会认同理论与互助养老等相关理论，剖析乡土文化对农村互助养老模式认同度的双重作用，以乡土社会的信任网络、守望相助的传统与孝道伦理为互助养老提供天然文化根基与社会基础，但是由于传统“养儿防老”观念的路径依赖、乡土社会变迁引发的信任弱化以及代际文化认知差异及部分地区利己倾向凸显等因素，不利于认同度的提升。本研究结合农村互助养老现实困境，试图从文化传承创新、模式适配优化、政策协同保障、人才培育支撑四个维度，提出针对性方法，从而提升农村互助养老模式的落地成效、构建契合乡土社会的养老服务体系提供理论参考与实践指导。

Abstract: In the social context of deepening population aging, the new mutual elderly care model has become a pivotal approach to tackling the predicament of weakened family care functions in rural areas. As the spiritual core of rural society, rural local culture exerts a profound influence on contemporary elderly residents’ cognition of, emotional acceptance of, and willingness to participate in this model. Based on the theory of rural local culture, social identity theory and relevant theories of mutual elderly care, this paper systematically analyzes the dual impacts of rural local culture on the recognition of the rural mutual elderly care model. On the one hand, the trust network, the traditional norm of neighborly mutual aid and the ethics of filial piety in rural society provide an inherent cultural foundation and social underpinning for mutual elderly care; on the other hand, the improvement of such recognition is constrained by factors including the path dependence of the traditional concept of “raising sons to support one’s old age”, eroded social trust arising from the transformation of rural society, intergenerational disparities in cultural cognition, and the growing prevalence of self-interest tendencies in some rural areas. In light of the practical predicaments of rural mutual elderly care, this paper proposes targeted strategies from four dimensions: cultural inheritance and innovation, model adaptation and optimization, coordinated policy safeguards, and talent cultivation and support. The research findings aim to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for enhancing the implementation effectiveness of the rural mutual elderly care model, constructing an elderly care service system compatible with rural society, and advancing the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the active aging strategy.